Topic 8: Endometriosis, Ovarian Cysts, Cervical...

Question 1

endometriosis

Answer 1

A condition which endometrial tissue accumulates outside the endometrium of the uterus, not life-threatening but can cause considerable pain.

Question 2

clinical manifestations of endometriosis

Answer 2

Secondary dysmenorrhea
· Infertility
· Pelvic pain
· Dyspareunia
· AUB
Backache, painful bowel movements, dysuria

Question 3

Diagnostic Assessment endometriosis

Answer 3

· Laparoscopy with a biopsy is needed for definitive diagnosis
· Pelvic exam
· Pelvic ultrasound
· MRI

Question 4

ovarian cysts

Answer 4

Usually soft and surrounded by a thin capsule, may occur with PCOS and are not cancerous.

Question 5

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Answer 5

disorder that includes ovulatory dysfunction, polycystic ovaries, and hyperandrogenism

Question 6

Clinical Manifestations of Ovarian Cysts

Answer 6

Often asymptomatic until they are large enough to cause pressure in the pelvis
· Constipation, menstrual irregularities
· Urinary frequency
· Full feeling in the abdomen
· Anorexia
· Increase in abdominal girth
· Peripheral edema

Question 7

Clinical Manifestations of PCOS

Answer 7

· Irregular menstrual periods
· Amenorrhea
· Hirsutism
· Obesity (80% of women)
Untreated PCOS can lead to CVD and abnormal insulin resistance with type 2 diabetes

Question 8

what is the diagnostic test for ovarian cysts

Answer 8

Pelvic ultrasound can determine diagnostic

Question 9

what are used to regulate menstrual cycles in PCOS

Answer 9

OCPs

Question 10

Hyperandrogenism can be treated with

Answer 10

flutamide and GnRH agonist (leuprolide)

Question 11

what medication reduces hyperinsulinemia, improves hyperandrogenism, and can restore ovulation for PCOS

Answer 11

metformin

Question 12

nursing management for PCOS

Answer 12

· Teaching about the importance of weight and exercise to decrease insulin resistance
· Monitor lipid profile and fasting glucose levels
For hirsutism explore measures to remove unwanted hair

Question 13

incidence rate for cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancer is highest among…

Answer 13

Hispanic women, mortality rare are twice as high among black women

Question 14

cervix

Answer 14

lower third of the uterus that projects into the vagina

Question 15

clinical manifestations of cervical cancer

Answer 15

· Often no symptoms
· Unusual discharge (usually watery and thin but then becomes dark and foul smelling)
· Vaginal bleeding (first presents as spotting)
· AUB
· Postcoital bleeding
Pain is a late symptom followed by weight loss, anemia, and cachexia

Question 16

diagnostics for cervical cancer

Answer 16

Papanicolaou (Pap) test (helps find changes in cervical cells) and HPV test

Question 17

when should women begin cervical cancer screening

Answer 17

at age 21

Question 18

Women ages 21-29 should have a Pap test every

Answer 18

3 years

Question 19

Women ages 30-65 should have Pap test every

Answer 19

5 years

Question 20

when does vaccination for HPV usually begin

Answer 20

between age 11-12

Question 21

Endometrial cancer arises from

Answer 21

the lining of the endometrium within the uterus.

Question 22

what is a major risk factor for endometrial cancer

Answer 22

Major risk factor is exposure to estrogen and obesity because adipose cells store estrogen

Question 23

early manifestations of endometrial cancer

Answer 23

· AUB, especially in post-menopausal women

Question 24

late manifestations for endometrial cancer

Answer 24

· Dysuria
· Dyspareunia
· Unintentional weight loss
Pelvic pain

Question 25

treatment for endometrial cancer

Answer 25

Total hysterectomy
Bilateral salphingo-oophorectomy with lymph node biopsies

Question 26

ovarian cancer risk factors

Answer 26

· Family history, or history of breast or colon cancer.
· Women who have mutation of the BRCA genes
· Women who have never been pregnant
· Increasing age, high fat diet
· Increased number of ovulatory cycles

Question 27

clinical manifestations for ovarian cancer

Answer 27

· No obvious symptoms
· Pelvic or abdominal pain
· Bloating
· Urinary urgency or frequency
· Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly

Question 28

late stage ovarian cancer manifestations

Answer 28

abdominal enlargement with ascites, unexplained weight loss or gain, menstrual changes

Question 29

diagnostic assessment for ovarian cancer q

Answer 29

· Pelvic exam
· Abdominal and transvaginal US
· CA-125 level
Laparotomy for diagnostic staging

Question 30

what is a prophylactic treatment for ovarian cancer

Answer 30

· Prophylactic removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes and use of OCPs

Question 31

what is the initial treatment for ovarian cancer

Answer 31

· Initial treatment is total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy