Topic 3: Respiratory & ABGs Flashcards
respiratory acidosis risk factors
*Neuromuscular disorders
*CNS depression
*Hypoventilation
*Decreased respiratory rate
respiratory acidosis s/s
*Kussmaul breathing
*Chest pain
*Nausea /vomiting
*Abdominal pain
*General muscle weakness
respiratory acidosis interventions
*Bronchodilators
*Assisted ventilation
*Respiratory stimulants
metabolic acidosis risk factors
*Diabetic ketoacidosis
*Lactic acidosis
*Resp., renal, or heart failure
*Diarrhea, laxatives
metabolic acidosis s/s
*Vertigo
*Neuro changes
*Dyspnea
*Tachypnea
*Hyperpnea
metabolic acidosis interventions
*Monitor vitals
*Monitor respiratory status
*Monitor blood gases
*Correct cause
*Give bicarbonate
respiratory alkalosis risk factors
*Extended periods of hyperventilation
*Extreme anxiety
*Fever
respiratory alkalosis s/s
*Lightheadedness
*Agitation
respiratory alkalosis interventions
*Encourage patient to take slow deep breaths
*Decrease patient anxiety
*Monitor ABG
metabolic alkalosis risk factors
*Vomiting
*NG suctioning
*Hypokalemia
*Excess antacids/bicarb
*Steroids
metabolic alkalosis s/s
*Lightheaded; N/V
*Confusion; stupor
*Muscle twitching; tremors
*Numbness/tingling face or extremities
*Electrolyte imbalance, dysrhythmias
metabolic alkalosis interventions
*Monitor: Vitals, neuro status, I & O, ABGs,
*Warn/teach about taking too many antacids
what is the onset fro influenza
abrupt, usually 3-6 hours
what are the signs and symptoms of influenza
Þ Chills
Þ Fever (usually high 102-104 that lasts 3-4 days)
Þ Generalized myalgia
Þ Headache
Þ Cough
Þ Sore throat
Þ Fatigue
what are the diagnositc studies for influenza
Þ Viral cultures can be taken (throat swab, nasopharyngeal swab, sputum, ect.)
Rapid influenza diagnostic test (RIDTs)
when should antiviral drugs be given
can be given if its within 24-48 hours of onset
what can nurses instruct patients to do if they have influenza
Þ Rest
Þ Hydrate
Þ Take acetaminophen or ibuprofen for HA, aches, pain
Þ Antipyretics for fever
when should a pateint not get the flu vaccine
if they have already had it that year
or
egg allergy
prevention of influenza
Þ Hand washing
Þ Annual vaccination (best time to get the vaccine is in September or October, before flu exposure)
Þ Antiviral drugs
Avoid close contact with anyone who has the flu
what are the s/s of acute sinusitis
Þ Significant pain over affected sinus
Þ Purulent nasal drainage
Þ Nasal obstruction
Þ Congestion
Þ Fever
Þ Malaise
Þ Halitosis (bad breath)
how can sinusitis get diagnosed
X-rays or CT scan of sinuses
(sinuses are filled with fluid or thickened mucous membrane)
what are treatments for the SYMPTOMS of sinusitis
Þ Oral or topical decongestants (to promote drainage)
Þ Intranasal corticosteroids (decrease inflammation)
Þ Analgesics (reduce pain)
Þ Saline spray (relieve congestion)
what is important to teach patients when using topical decongestions
to use the medication for no longer than 4 to 5 days to prevent rebound congestion
Management of sinusitis
Þ Get plenty of rest to help body fight infection and promote recovery
Þ Hydrate to loosen secretions
Þ Take hot showers or steam inhaler
Þ Apply warm damp towels around sinuses
Þ Sleep with head elevated