Topic 7: Gastritis, Gastroenteritis, Foodborne Illness, Peritonitis Flashcards
gastritis
Inflammation of the gastric mucosa; occurs as the result of a breakdown in the normal gastric mucosal barrier. When the barrier is broken, HCl acid and pepsin can diffuse back into the mucosa
gastroenteritis
Inflammation of the mucosa of the stomach and small intestines
risk factors for gastritis
· Drug-related Gastritis (NSAIDs, Corticosteroids, Aspirin, Iron supplements)
· Diet (Alcohol, Large amounts of spicy, irritating foods)
· H. Pylori
· Autoimmune Gastritis
Clinical Manifestations of Acute Gastritis
· Anorexia
· N/V
· Epigastric tenderness
· Feeling of fullness
· Hemorrhage (often associated with alcohol uses)
Clinical Manifestations of Chronic Gastritis
· Asymptomatic
Parietal cells can be lost from atrophy, so intrinsic factor functions are lost (can result in pernicious anemia)
clinical manifestations of gastroenteritis
· Sudden N/V/D
· Fever
· Abdominal cramping
what viruses are the most common cause of gastroenteritis
Norovirus is a leading cause of foodborne outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis
how is acute gastritis diagnosed
usually diagnosed based in the patients symptoms and a history of drug or alcohol use
Acute Gastritis Interventions
· Eliminate cause and try to avoid it in the future (drug, diet, alcohol, etc.)
· If vomiting is present:
o Rest
o NPO status
o IV fluids may be prescribed
o Monitor for dehydration
o Clear liquids are resumed when symptoms have subsided
o Reintroduce solids gradually
o Check vomitus from blood
· PPIs and H2 receptor blockers can be given
Chronic Gastritis Interventions
· Eliminate cause (cessation of alcohol, abstinence from drugs, H. pylori eradication)
· Antibiotics are used for H. pylori
· Patient with pernicious anemia needs lifelong cobalamin therapy
· Eat a nonirritating diet
· 6 small feedings a day
· No smoking
gastroenteritis management
· Encourage oral fluids containing glucose and electrolytes (Pedialyte) to prevent and treat dehydration
If dehydration occurs; IV fluid replacement may be needed
clinical manifestations of food-borne illness
· Nausea
· Diarrhea
· Vomiting
· Abdominal cramping pain
diagnosis of e. coli
diagnosed by detecting the bacteria in the stool
interventions for foodborne illness
Focus interventions on preventing infection
Emphasize corrective fluid and electrolyte imbalances from diarrhea and vomiting
Hydration to maintain blood volume
Patients should avoid antidiarrheal agents
teaching for food borne illness
· Cook all ground beef thoroughly
· Keep raw meat separate from ready to eat foods
· Wash hands, counters and utensils with hot soapy water after they touch raw meat
· Drink only pasteurized milk, juice or cider
· Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly
· Do not eat raw food products that are supposed to be cooked
People who are immunocompromised should avoid eating alfalfa sprouts until the safety of the sports can be ensured
