Anesthesia Types

Question 1

local anesthesia

Answer 1

anesthesia used to numb a specific area without causing loss of consciousness

Question 2

Regional block anesthesia

Answer 2

involves a nerve or group of nerves

Question 3

moderate to deep sedation

Answer 3

-Sedative, anxiolytic, and/or analgesic drugs used
-Patients responsive and breathe without assistance
-Clients’ ability to protect their airway is maintained
-Most often used for simple uncomplicated procedures (e.g., realignment of a fracture in the emergency department)

Question 4

Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC)

Answer 4

-Sedative, anxiolytic, and/or analgesic drugs used
-Patients less responsive and may require airway management
-Provides maximum flexibility to meet client needs and procedural requirements
-Often used in conjunction with regional or local anesthesia
-Often used for minor therapeutic and diagnostic procedures (e.g., eye surgery, colonoscopy)

Question 5

general anesthesia

Answer 5

-Loss of sensation with loss of consciousness
-Combination of hypnosis, analgesia, and amnesia
-Usually involves use of inhalation agents
-Skeletal muscle relaxation
-Elimination of coughing, gagging, vomiting, and sympathetic nervous system responsiveness
-Requires advanced airway management

Question 6

spinal anesthesia

Answer 6

injection of a local anesthetic into the cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space

Question 7

epidural anesthesia

Answer 7

injection of an anesthetic into the epidural space via a thoracic or lumbar approach

Question 8

anaphylactic reaction

Answer 8

-This can happen with any type of anesthesia: local, regional, spinal, general, etc…
-Most severe with general anesthesia - causes respiratory & circulatory collapse (client will code)
-Consider a latex allergy

Question 9

Malignant hyperthermia

Answer 9

A hereditary condition of uncontrolled heat production that occurs when susceptible people receive certain anesthetic drugs.

Question 10

treatment for malignant hyperthermia

Answer 10

Treatment is cooling the client and giving IV Dantrolene to slow down metabolism

Question 11

autonomic nervous system blockade

Answer 11

-Occurs with spinal or epidural anesthesia
oHypotension, bradycardia,, nausea, vomiting

Question 12

what are some complications of anesthesia?

Answer 12

postdural puncture headache, back pain, meningitis, isolated nerve injuries