Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NSG 320 - MED SURG > Topic 2: Pre/Post-Op > Flashcards

Topic 2: Pre/Post-Op Flashcards

1
Q

perioperative period

A

the total surigal episode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

inpatient hospital setting

A

-same day admission
-patients who are already in the hospital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ambulatory surgery

A

includes outpatient, same-day, or short-stay surgery that does not require an overnight hospital stay (returns home on the same day)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Level 1 Trauma

A

will take everything, including multisystem trauma (stabbing, shooting, car accident)
-in house 24/7 OR team

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

level 2 trauma

A

will take single system traumas (fractured leg, head injury)
-OR tema 24/7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

level 3 trauma

A

no longer has any in hous staff or physicians
provide limited services (no neuro or cardiac surgery)
-access to an on call OR team

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

level 4 trauma

A

no onsite staff, limited services for walk in patients only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

elective surgery

A

not an emergency, has been schedules and there is plenty of time to prepare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

urgent surgery

A

the patient must go to surgery/OR within 6 hours for a life or limb threatening surgery. These patients tend to be stable, and wait in the ER.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

emergent surgery

A

These are the true emergencies where there will be loss of life or limb within one hour if the patient isn’t taken to surgery.
-These patient tend to be very unstable, are often airlifted by helicopter to a trauma center, and come from the ER or ICU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

diagnostic surgery

A

Determines origin and cause of disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

curative surgery

A

Resolves health problem by repairing or removing cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

restorative surgery

A

Improves client’s functional ability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

palliative surgery

A

Relieves symptoms of disease process, but does not cure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

prevention surgery

A

reduce risk of developing a condition (removal of a mole before it becomes malignant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cosmetic surgery

A

Alters/enhances personal appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When does the preoperative phase begin and end?

A

Begins when patient is scheduled for surgery

Ends at time of transfer to Operating Room/Surgical Suite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does the nurse assess for a preop patient

A

-baseline data for comparison
- identification and documentation
- drug reconciliation & allergies
-checks if the patient is educated about info from surgeon and post op procedures
-asses anxiety and promote patient coopertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is included in the education for pre op

A

Information about informed consent, dietary restrictions, bowel and skin preparations, exercises after surgery, and plans for pain management promote patients’ participation and help achieve the desired outcome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what tool is used in helping nursed to rememeber the many things that must be done when getting a client ready for surgery

A

pre-operative check list

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

common fears

A

Fear of death
Fear of pain and discomfort
Fear of mutilation or alteration in body image
Fear of anesthesia
Fear of disruption of life functioning or patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

lab testing: ABGs, pulse oximetry

A

Respiratory and metabolic function, oxygenation status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

lab testing: blood glucose

A

metabolic status, diabetes mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

lab testing: BUN, creatinine

A

renal function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

lab testing: chest x-ray

A

lung disorders, cardiac enlargement, HF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

lab testing: CBC- RBCs Hgb, Hct, WBCs

A

anemia, immune status, infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

lab testing: electrocardiogram

A

heart disease, dysrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

lab testing: electrolytes

A

metabolic status, renal function, diuretic side effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

lab testing: hCG

A

pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

lab testing: liver function tests

A

liver status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

lab testing: PT, PTT, INR, platelet count

A

coagulation status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

lab testing: pulmonary function studies

A

pulmonary status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

lab testing: serum albumin

A

nutritional status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

lab testing: type and crossmatch

A

blood available fro replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

lab testing: urinalysis

A

renal atatus, hydration, urinary tract infection

36
Q

what lab test are VERY impotant to a surgeon

A

CBC because you need to know the PT and INR for BLEEDING TIME

37
Q

what lab test are very important for a diabetic patient

A

BG and electrolytes

38
Q

why is a stress response important to know before surgery

A

the stress response can be magnified, directly impact the body, and recovery can be affected.

39
Q

what htree conditions ust be met for consent to be valid

A

adequate disclosure
clear inderstansing of the information
give consent voluntarily

40
Q

what is the surgeons responsibility for legal preparation

A

inform the patient of why the surgery is needed, what the expected outcomes would be, and what the potential complications may be up to and including death. SURGEON IS RESPONSIBLE FOR OBTAINING CONSENT

41
Q

what is the nurses responsibility for legal preparation

A

ensure the consent has been signed by both the patient and surgeon. WITNESS

42
Q

when does the nurse need to make sure that the patient has signed for prior to consent

A

prior to any administration of sedation… this impairs their cognition so they are not legally responsible to sign.

43
Q

what is is mandatory when surgery is performed on an organ/body part that has two of something…

A

site marking (The surgeon or designee (PA, assistant…) are responsible to mark it, so it can still be seen after the surgical drapes are applied.)

44
Q

what are the two types of pre-op medications

A

regular medications
pre-op medications required for surgery

45
Q

what should be done about regular medications before an operation

A

Consult with physician and anesthesia provider for instructions

46
Q

Pre-Op medications required for surgery

A

this prepares the client’s body physically and psychologically

47
Q

pre-op meds: antiemetics

A

decreases N/V

48
Q

pre-op meds: benzodiazepines

A

to reduce anxiety, to induce sedation

49
Q

pre-op meds: opioids

A

to relieve discomfort during pre op procedures
decrease amnount of anesthetic needed for induction

50
Q

pre-op meds: histamine H2 receptor antagonist

A

to increase gastric pH
decrease gastic volume

51
Q

pre-op meds: antacids

A

increase gastric emptying

52
Q

pre-op meds: antichonlinergics

A

decrease oral and respiratory secretions (atropine
provides sedation

53
Q

Pre-op meds: antibiotics

A

prevents post op infection

54
Q

pre op client preparation

A

-Leave valuables with family or lock up with security
-Tape rings in place if cannot be removed (ring cutter)
-Ensure patient is wearing ID band(s)

55
Q

what do we remove before surgery

A

Dentures
Prosthetic devices
Hearing aids
Contact lenses
Fingernail polish
Artificial nails
All jewelry

56
Q

pre-op teaching: sensory information

A

Noise levels, smells, OR cold, blanket given, everyone in masks, ask questions, lights in OR bright, sound of machines and their purpose

57
Q

pre-op teaching: procedural information

A

What to bring and wear to surgical center, changes in time of surgery, fluid and food restriction, bed and safety strap, physical prep: (bowel, skin), purpose of freq. vital signs assessment, anesthesia administration procedure, insertion of IV lines

58
Q

pre-op teaching: exercises

A

Perform ROMs

59
Q

pre-op teaching: process information

A

information about the general flow of surgery & where will caregivers can wait during surgery

60
Q

Deep breathing exercises

A

demonstrating technique of deep breathing & coughing will assist pt in performing post-op.

61
Q

incentive spirometry

A

a common postoperative breathing therapy using a specially designed spirometer to encourage the patient to inhale and hold an inspiratory volume to exercise the lungs and prevent pulmonary complications

62
Q

when does post-op care begin

A

*Begins with completion of surgery and transfer to PACU, ambulatory care unit, or ICU

63
Q

what are the priority interventions of the nurse post-op

A

A: Asses and airway
B: Breathing and blood
C: circulation and change in LOC
S: Safety

64
Q

what assessment data is included in the PACU

A

*level of consciousness, temperature, pulse, respirations, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, and evaluation of the surgical area for bleeding (clotting).

65
Q

after the intitial assesment upon admisssion to the PACU, how often are vital signs and heart sounds assesed

A

every 15 minutes until stable

66
Q

post surgical bleeding is one of the most important things to check, why

A

it can cause the patient to go into hypovolemic shock

67
Q

what does the nurse assess for fluid and electrolye imbalances

A

I&Os
Daily weights
hydration status
electrolytes

68
Q

What is counted as input and output on the In/Out Sheet?

A

iv fluid
vomit
urine
wound drainage
oral intake
NG tube drainage

69
Q

when should a nurse report inadequate urine output

A

if its <30 mL/hr

70
Q

BAIR Hugger

A

Patient warming device used for Hypothermia because of after surgery causes shivering that increases oxygen demand and can induce hypoxemia.

71
Q

what should a nurse do if their patient has paralytic ileus

A

insert an NG tube
(low intermittent suction)

72
Q

what medications are used to reduce N/V

A

*Ondansetron (Zofran)
*Meclizine (Antivert, Dramamine)
*Scopolamine patch

73
Q

after surgery bowel sounds can be delayed for up to 24 hours, so what would the nurse monitor

A

monitor for bowel sounds

74
Q

why are NG inserted

A

*Decompress and drain stomach
*Promote GI rest
*Allow lower GI tract to heal
*Provide enteral feeding route
*Monitor any gastric bleeding
*Prevent intestinal obstruction

75
Q

how often should the nurse asses NG tube drainage

A

every 8 hours

76
Q

when is impaired wound healing most often seen after surgery

A

between 5 to 10 days after surgery

77
Q

if there is wound dehiscence or eviceration, what should the nurse do

A

Notify the surgeon and remain with the patient if wound dehiscence or evisceration occurs.
o Have the patient lie flat (supine) with knees bent to reduce intra-abdominal pressure.
o Apply sterile, nonadherent, or saline dressing materials to the wound.

78
Q

who performs the first dressing change

A

The surgeon usually performs the first dressing change to assess the wound, remove any packing, and advance or remove drains.

79
Q

what technique is used during all dressing changes

A

aseptic technique

80
Q

Physical & Emotional Signs of Acute Pain

A

*Increased pulse and blood pressure
*Increased respiratory rate
*Profuse sweating
*Restlessness
*Confusion (older adults)
*Wincing, moaning, crying

81
Q

complementary and alternative therapies for pain

A

*Positioning
*Massage
*Relaxation/diversion techniques

82
Q

when is hypoxemia most common after surgery

A

*Highest incidence occurs on 2nd postoperative day

83
Q

what are the interventions for hypoxemia

A

*Airway maintenance
*Monitor (Spo2)
*Semi-Fowler’s position
*Oxygen therapy, breathing exercises
*Mobilization as soon as possible

84
Q

how often should the nurse ass the tissue integrity of the incison site

A

each shift or at least every 8 hours and monitor for signs of infection.

85
Q
A

NSG 320 - MED SURG (63 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions