topic 5 part 2 (muscle) Flashcards
What is the sliding filament models steps?
- myosin head is attached to actin filament
- myosin head flexes, moving the actin filament
- using ATP, the myosin head releases and unflexes
- myosin reattaches to actin further along the fibre
What is rigor mortis?
muscle contract, but myosin fail to detach (lack of ATP), muscles stay contracted, for up to 60 hours after death (after muscle begins to break down)
What occurs to the myosin head in a relaxed muscle?
The myosin heads are blocked from attaching to actin by a protein called Tropomyosin
What is the other protein needed for contraction?
Troponin
What does calcium do troponin and tropomyosin
Causes them to bind together and release the myosin head binding sites
-allowing the myosin heads to bind to actin filament and for contraction to occur
What are the 3 different ways créatine is produced?
- Breaking down créatine phosphate
- Aerobic cellular respiration
- Anaerobic cellular respiration (fermentation)
What is the breaking down of creating phosphate for ATP process?
-créatine phosphate builds up when muscle is resting
-regenerates ATP in sliding filaments, so it is the fastest way to make ATP
What is the aerobic cellular respiration process to make ATP process?
-takes place in the mitochondria
-the glycogen and fat stored in muscle cells are converted to glucose
-glucose is used to make ATP
What is the anaerobic cellular respiration process to make ATP?
-when there is no oxygen, glucose is broken down to make lactate
-as lactate builds up, your muscle cells get more acidic= muscle cramps & fatigue
What sources of energy do we use first?
- Créatine phosphate (lasts first 8 secs, fastest way to make ATP)
- Aerobic cellular respiration (until oxygen runs out)
- Anaerobic cellular respiration (fermentation) - can use fir about 2-3 mins until muscle cramping occurs
When does oxygen deficit occur?
When muscles use fermentation to make ATP
What does fermentation produce?
Lactate
What do athletes have more of in their muscle tissue?
Mitochondria
-less resilience> less oxygen deficit
What needs to occur when your in an oxygen deficit?
Replenish creature phosphate and get rid of lactate
What is atrophy?
The reduction in size, tone, and power of a muscle
What can atrophy be cause by?
Cancer, AIDS, pulmonary diseases, starvation, and pure inactivity
What is hypertrophy?
-Increase in size of individual skeletal muscle fibers
-can be achieved Healthily through exercise
What is homeostasis?
Staying the same (having balance)
What is the fibromyalgia disease?
Chronic muscular pain and tenderness often associated with fatigue and sleep disturbances
-can be causes by infections diseases, physical or emotional trauma or medications
