excretion, topic 5 pt2 Flashcards
where is the loop of henle?
in the medulla which is relatively salty
what does the loop of henle do?
causes water to move from the loop into the capillaries
What will be returned to the blood from the filtrate?
some water and salt in the filtrate
what does the distal tube do?
stimulates distal tube to reabsorb more Na+
what is the distal tube controlled by?
the adolsterne
what is released from adrenal glands when blood pressure drops?
aldosterone
what do the collecting ducts do?
reabsorb water
what are the collecting ducts controlled by?
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
-(also affects distal tube)
When is ADH released from pituitary glands?
when blood pressure drops
What does ADH increase
permeability of collecting duct to water
What are the 4 stages of urine production?
- filtration (blood to nephron)
- reabsorption (nephron to blood)
- secretion (blood to nephron)
- elimination
where does filtration occur?
at the junction of the glomerulus and walla of the bowmans capsule
where does the glomerulous recieve blood from during filtration?
from the afferent arteriole and discharges its blood into an efferent arteriole
whats the only thing that can pass from glomerulus to bowmans capsule?
Fluid and dissolved materials (nutrients, wastes ions) in blood plasma
why cant RBC’s platelets and plasma proteins pass through the wall of capillary?
because they are too large
where does reabsorption occur?
fromthe proximal tubule to collecting duct
how much filtrate can reabsorption return to the blood?
85-99% of filtrate
where does the efferent arteriole feed into?
a capillary network that surrrounds the nephron
what does the capillary network receive?
reabsorbed substances eventually leadint to the renal vein
where does secretion occur?
from the proximal tube to the collecting duct
what is it the last chance for in the secretion?
to leave the blood and enter the urine
what does hydrogen ion secretion help with?
helps regulate blood pH
-blood pH increases (7.3-7.4)
-urine decreases (4.5-8.5 )
what does potassium secretion help with?
pervents accumulation of potassium that can create neural and muscukar problems
what is the elimination ordered pathway?
- collecting duct
- renal pelvis
- ureter
- urinary bladder
- urethra
- environment
CREUUUE
what is kidney dialysis?
process of removing excess water, solutes and toxins from the blood in people whos kidneys can no longer perform these functions ntaurally
what is hemodialysis?
a type of kidney dialysis that connects machine to patients blood and through diffusion removes metabolic wastes from blood
what are the downsides of hemodialysis?
takes hours and requires patients to be on dialysis 3 days/week
what is peritoneal dialysis?
a type of kindey dialysis where 2L of dialysis fluid is pumped into the abdominal cavity, and the membranes of the cavity selectively filter wastes from the blood.
what accumulates in the dialysis fluid during a peritoneal dialysis?
wastes which can bedrained off and replaced several times a day
what do kidney transplants do?
replace non working kidneys with healthy kidneys
what is a liver donor
they give up a kidney
what is a dead donor
someone dies and donates an organ
