excretion, topic 5 pt2

Question 1

where is the loop of henle?

Answer 1

in the medulla which is relatively salty

Question 2

what does the loop of henle do?

Answer 2

causes water to move from the loop into the capillaries

Question 3

What will be returned to the blood from the filtrate?

Answer 3

some water and salt in the filtrate

Question 4

what does the distal tube do?

Answer 4

stimulates distal tube to reabsorb more Na+

Question 5

what is the distal tube controlled by?

Answer 5

the adolsterne

Question 6

what is released from adrenal glands when blood pressure drops?

Answer 6

aldosterone

Question 7

what do the collecting ducts do?

Answer 7

reabsorb water

Question 8

what are the collecting ducts controlled by?

Answer 8

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
-(also affects distal tube)

Question 9

When is ADH released from pituitary glands?

Answer 9

when blood pressure drops

Question 10

What does ADH increase

Answer 10

permeability of collecting duct to water

Question 11

What are the 4 stages of urine production?

Answer 11

1. filtration (blood to nephron)
2. reabsorption (nephron to blood)
3. secretion (blood to nephron)
4. elimination

Question 12

where does filtration occur?

Answer 12

at the junction of the glomerulus and walla of the bowmans capsule

Question 13

where does the glomerulous recieve blood from during filtration?

Answer 13

from the afferent arteriole and discharges its blood into an efferent arteriole

Question 14

whats the only thing that can pass from glomerulus to bowmans capsule?

Answer 14

Fluid and dissolved materials (nutrients, wastes ions) in blood plasma

Question 15

why cant RBC’s platelets and plasma proteins pass through the wall of capillary?

Answer 15

because they are too large

Question 16

where does reabsorption occur?

Answer 16

fromthe proximal tubule to collecting duct

Question 17

how much filtrate can reabsorption return to the blood?

Answer 17

85-99% of filtrate

Question 18

where does the efferent arteriole feed into?

Answer 18

a capillary network that surrrounds the nephron

Question 19

what does the capillary network receive?

Answer 19

reabsorbed substances eventually leadint to the renal vein

Question 20

where does secretion occur?

Answer 20

from the proximal tube to the collecting duct

Question 21

what is it the last chance for in the secretion?

Answer 21

to leave the blood and enter the urine

Question 22

what does hydrogen ion secretion help with?

Answer 22

helps regulate blood pH
-blood pH increases (7.3-7.4)
-urine decreases (4.5-8.5 )

Question 23

what does potassium secretion help with?

Answer 23

pervents accumulation of potassium that can create neural and muscukar problems

Question 24

what is the elimination ordered pathway?

Answer 24

1. collecting duct
2. renal pelvis
3. ureter
4. urinary bladder
5. urethra
6. environment

CREUUUE

Question 25

what is kidney dialysis?

Answer 25

process of removing excess water, solutes and toxins from the blood in people whos kidneys can no longer perform these functions ntaurally

Question 26

what is hemodialysis?

Answer 26

a type of kidney dialysis that connects machine to patients blood and through diffusion removes metabolic wastes from blood

Question 27

what are the downsides of hemodialysis?

Answer 27

takes hours and requires patients to be on dialysis 3 days/week

Question 28

what is peritoneal dialysis?

Answer 28

a type of kindey dialysis where 2L of dialysis fluid is pumped into the abdominal cavity, and the membranes of the cavity selectively filter wastes from the blood.

Question 29

what accumulates in the dialysis fluid during a peritoneal dialysis?

Answer 29

wastes which can bedrained off and replaced several times a day

Question 30

what do kidney transplants do?

Answer 30

replace non working kidneys with healthy kidneys

Question 31

what is a liver donor

Answer 31

they give up a kidney

Question 32

what is a dead donor

Answer 32

someone dies and donates an organ