body systems quiz 1 Flashcards
What is metabolism?
all the physical and chemical processes in the body that convert or use energy
what are the 2 types of metabolism?
- Anabolic
- Catabolic
what is anabolic metabolism?
complex chemicals built from smaller ones
what is catabolic metabolism?
large chemicals broken into smaller ones
What is a nutrient?
Any substance that nourishes an organism, found in
food you eat
what is the role of the digestive system?
provide nutrients to the bodys cells.
What are the 4 type of nutrients?
- Essential nutrients
- Macronutrients
- Micronutrients
- Neccessary nutrients
what are essential nutrients?
Must be supplied from outside the body
what are macronutrients?
Required in large amounts each day
what are micronutrients?
Required in small amounts
What are necessary nutrients?
Are needed but can be made by the body
what do lipids (fats) do?
-long term energy storage compound
-structural component of cell membranes
-provides insulation
>Triglycerides, phospholipids, waxes, steroids
what do nucleic acids do?
-contain DNA & RNA> genetic material that directs cell activity
-composed of sugar, phosphate, and nitrgen bases
what do proteins do?
-structual component of the cell
-composed of amino acids
>also called polypeptides
what do carbohydrates do?
-primary energy source of cells
-structural material of plant cell walls
>have monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
what do vitamins and minerals do?
-help in chemical reactions
-often found in complex chemicals
why is carbon important?
-carbon is the structural framework for all living things.
-froms bonds with many elements.
-used in storage compounds and cell formation in all living things.
What are some inorganic compounds?
-hydrogen carbonates
-carbonates
-oxides of carbon
what are organic compounds?
In living organisms, organic compounds always contian hydrogen along wth carbon.
>contain all macronutrients and vitamins
what are the 3 things organic compounds are used to to build?
- carbohydrates (sugars)
- lipids (fats)
- proteins (polypeptides)
what is a monomer?
a single building block that can react with other monomers.
What is a polymer?
Multiple monomers that have come together to form a larger chemical compound
>most macromolecules are monomers
how are monmers joined together?
Through dehydration synthesis, condensation or dehydrolysis.
How are monomers separated?
Hydrolysis using water to break a bond