excretion, topic 5 pt1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is homeostasis?

A

the ability of an organism to maintain it’s internal makeup

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2
Q

why is homeostasis sometimes called dynamic equillibrium?

A

because the body bounces between two set limits, one high and one low

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3
Q

what is excretion?

A

the process of removing metabolic wastes from the body

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4
Q

what is the product of excretion?

A

urine

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5
Q

how are waste products removed from cell production site?

A

by the blood

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6
Q

what does the kidney remove?

A

the waste and excretes it from the environment

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7
Q

what are the 3 functions of the excretory system?

A
  1. excretion of metabolic wastes
  2. osmoregulation
  3. regulation of body fluid composition (pH etc…)
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8
Q

what is osmoregulation?

A

regulation of water and salt in body fluids

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9
Q

what are 3 waste products in the excretory system?

A

-carbon dioxide
-water
-nitrogenous wastes (products of protein and nucleic acids digestion)

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10
Q

how is carbon dioxide excreted?

A

through the skin and respiratory surfaces

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11
Q

how is water excreted?

A

through the skin, respiratory surfaces and kidneys

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12
Q

how are nitrogenous wastes excreted?

A

mainly through the kidneys, and some from the skin

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13
Q

what are 3 nitrogenous wastes?

A
  1. ammonia
  2. uric acids (in birds)
  3. urea (in mammals)
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14
Q

can ammonia accumulate in body?

A

no

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15
Q

why and what does ammonia need to convert into?

A

Because it is very toxic.
-converts into less toxic uric acid and urea

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16
Q

what is uric acid converted from?

A

ammonia
-uric acid is non toxic

17
Q

is uric acid soluble?

A

not really, can be excreted as a paste with little water loss

18
Q

what is urea converted from?

A

ammonia
-urea is less toxic than ammonia

19
Q

what is urea produced by?

20
Q

how is urea excreted?

A

in a concerntrated form
-requires more water to excrete than uric acid

21
Q

what do the kidneys produce?

A

urine by filtering the blood

22
Q

what do the 2 ureters do?

A

transport urine from kidneys to bladder

23
Q

what does the urinary bladder do?

A

stores urine

24
Q

what does the urethra do?

A

carries urine to environment

25
what are the 3 kidney parts?
1. cortex: outer region 2. medulla: just below the cortex 3. pelvis: a hallow chamber within the medulla
26
what are the cortex and medulla of each kidney made up of?
about one million nephrons
27
what is a nephron?
structural and functional unit of the kidney
28
what is the bowman's capsule?
double walled chamber (start of the tube)
29
what is the glomerulus?
a network of capillares within the bowman's capsule
30
what happens in the glomerulus?
filtration of blood plasma (particle size and blood pressure)
31
what does high pressure do regarding the glomerulus?
plasma passes through holes in the glomerulus into the bowman's capsule
32
what happens when plasma enters the capsule?
it is filtrated
33
what does the proximal tubule do?
active transport of valuble substances back into the blood -glucose, amino acids, sodium ions
34
do all substances get reabsorbed in the proximal tube?
no -urea, toxic subtances, some salt and alot of water dont get reabsorbed here