heart, topic 2

Question 1

what is pulmonary circulation?

Answer 1

from the heart to the lungs and back
-picks up O2 and dumps CO2

Question 2

what is systematic circulation?

Answer 2

from the heart to the whole body and back
-picks up CO2 and dumps O2

Question 3

what is coronary circulation?

Answer 3

circulation of blood through heart tissue

Question 4

what are the coronary arteries?

Answer 4

suppku O2 and nutrients to heart tissue

Question 5

What is the diastole

Answer 5

part of the heart cycle where the heart is relaxed
-atria and ventricles passively fill
-AV valves (tri and bicuspid) allow blood to pass

Question 6

Why are aortic and pulmonary valves closed in the diastole stage?

Answer 6

because the blood in those vessels are at a higher pressure than the ventricles.

Question 7

what is the systole?

Answer 7

part of the heart cycle where the heart contracts and push blood through its chambers

Question 8

What do the atria do in the systole stage?

Answer 8

contract and eject blood from the heart into the ventricles

Question 9

What happens to the AV valves and ventricles in the systole stage?

Answer 9

AV valves close, preventing back flow with ventricles contract.
-ventricles eject blood out the lungs and rest of the body

Question 10

What is the hearts beat rate set by?

Answer 10

sinoatrial node (SA node)
-specialized bundle of nerves which acts as a pacemaker for heart

Question 11

How does the pacemaker increase or decrease?

Answer 11

through signals from the nervous system which increase or decrease heart rate

Question 12

what is the sinoatria (SA) node?

Answer 12

located in the right atrium
-generates an electrical signal that spreads over the two atria and makes them contract simultaneously.

Question 13

What does the sinoatria (SA) node do?

Answer 13

Generates an electrical signal that spreads over the two atria and makes them contract simultaneously

Question 14

What is the atrioventricular node?

Answer 14

Receives signal from SA and node transmits signal to the purkinje fibers

Question 15

What do purkinje fibers do?

Answer 15

Begin the contraction of the ventricles

Question 16

What does EKG stand for?

Answer 16

Electrocardiogram

Question 17

What are the heart sounds produced by?

Answer 17

Closing valves “lub dub”

Question 18

Where is the lub sound from?

Answer 18

Tri and bicuspid valves closing during contraction (systole) of AV valves

Question 19

Where does the dub sound come from?

Answer 19

Aortic and pulmonary valves closing during relaxation (diastole) SL valves

Question 20

In what unit is heart rate measured?

Answer 20

Beats per minute

Question 21

What are ways heart rate changes?

Answer 21

-exercise (muscles demand O2 and food generating more waste)
-stress or excitement (body perceives need for fight or flight)
-chemicals (nicotine, caffeine directly stimulates the nerves that control the heart)

Question 22

What is blood pressure?

Answer 22

Force your blood exerts on your blood vessels

Question 23

What are the two levels of blood pressure?

Answer 23

1. Systole (pressure during ventricular contraction)
2. Diastole (pressure as the heart refills)

Question 24

What is the average brachial artery pressure?

Answer 24

120 systolic over 80 diastolic

Question 25

How does pressure drop in arteries and veins?

Answer 25

Highest in arteries and very low in veins

Question 26

What unit is blood pressure measured in?

Answer 26

mm of mercury (Hg)

Question 27

How is blood pressure measured?

Answer 27

Using a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer

Question 28

What is blood pressure regulated by?

Answer 28

Baroreceptors (pressure sensors)

Question 29

Where/what is high blood pressure?

Answer 29

Detected In the aorta
-tells the brain to dilate (widen) blood vessels

Question 30

Where/what is low blood pressure?

Answer 30

Detected in the carotid arteries
- tells brain to constrict (narrow) blood vessels