Topic 4 Respiratory System

Question 1

How can singled celled organisms absorb O2?

Answer 1

From the environment through diffusion

Question 2

What environment is needed for single celled organism to absorb O2 through diffusion?

Answer 2

Large surface area that is moist

Question 3

What happens to air when it enters the mouth and nose?

Answer 3

It is warmed and filtered

Question 4

What are nasal passages lined with?

Answer 4

Hair, mucous, and cilia

Question 5

What is cilia?

Answer 5

small, slender, hair-like structures present on the surface of all mammalian cells.
They trap dust and pathogens

Question 6

Where does cilia carry mucous?

Answer 6

To the pharynx where it is swallowe

Question 7

What is the turbinate?

Answer 7

Long narrow and curled bone shelf which warm and moisten air

Question 8

Function of pharynx?

Answer 8

Connects esophagus and trachea

Question 9

Function of epiglottis?

Answer 9

Prevents food from entering the trachea

Question 10

What is larynx?

Answer 10

Widened portion of the trachea containing vocal cords.

Question 11

What are vocal cords?

Answer 11

Thin, strong fibers formed from folds of mucous membrane

Question 12

what is the trachea?

Answer 12

major air passage strengthened with rings of cartilage

Question 13

is the esophagus behind the trachea?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

what does the trachea split into?

Answer 14

2 branches called the bronchi

Question 15

what do the bronchi split into?

Answer 15

smaller branches called bronchioles

Question 16

what are bronchi and bronicholes both lined with?

Answer 16

cillia and mucuous producing cells which move mucus up to the pharynx

Question 17

why are bronicholes supported?

Answer 17

because they lack supporting cartilage rings.
-supported by smooth muscle cells.

Question 18

what is alveoli?

Answer 18

end of bronchioles (tiny sacs)

Question 19

Alveoli are the site of what?

Answer 19

CO2 and O2 exchange between air and blood by diffusion.

Question 20

What are the 3 ways that Alveoli are specialized?

Answer 20

1. Large surafce area for diffusion
2. Thin walls for short diffusion distance
3. A surrounding net of pulmonary capillaries

Question 21

What is the pleural membranes?

Answer 21

double layer of membrane that covers lungs
-completely seals chest cavity away from rest of body.

Question 22

Pleural membranes location (outer&inner)

Answer 22

-outer membrane sticks to inside chest cavity
-inner membrane sticks to lungs

Question 23

What does fluid between mebranes do?

Answer 23

acts like glue to keep lungs attached to chest cavity and acts as lubrication

Question 24

WHat is the diaphragm?

Answer 24

A dome shaped layer of muscle under the lungs

Question 25

What are the intercostal muscles?

Answer 25

Muscles between the ribs that assist in breathing

Question 26

What are the 2 mechanics of breathing?

Answer 26

1. Inhalation
2. Exhalation

Question 27

What is inhalation?

Answer 27

intake of air due to expansion of thoracic activity.
-Diaphragm contracts pulling down
-intercostal rib muscles contract causing ribs to move up and away from the spine

Question 28

What is exhalation?

Answer 28

Mostly passive process resulting rom relaxation of muscles (can be forced such as coughing ot sneezing)

Question 29

What happens to pressure in inhalation and exhalation?

Answer 29

atmospheric pressure remains fairly constant, but pressure in the chest cavity changes.

Question 30

What is hemoglobin?

Answer 30

protein that transports oxygen

Question 31

What is tidal volume?

Answer 31

amount of air exchanged with each normal breath

Question 32

What is inspiratory reserve?

Answer 32

additional air that can be inhaled over and above the tidal volume

Question 33

What is the expiratory reserve?

Answer 33

extra air that can be forcibly exhaled in excess of the tidal volume

Question 34

What is vital capacity?

Answer 34

The maximum amount of air that can be forcibly exchanged

Question 35

What is residual volume?

Answer 35

amount of air that remains in the lungs after forceful expiration

Question 36

What are breathing movements controlled by?

Answer 36

Nerves from the medulla oblangta in the brain

Question 37

How is info about the co2 and o2 levels detected?

Answer 37

Through chemoreceptors (detect chemicals)