topic 3: digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

what is homeostatsis?

A

ability of an organism or cell to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physological processes

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2
Q

What are the 4 major processes of the digestive system?

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. Digestion
  3. Absorption
  4. Egestion
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3
Q

what is ingestion?

A

taking in food
-mouth

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4
Q

what is digestion?

A

breaking down food (mechanical and chemical)
-mouth and stomach intestine

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5
Q

What is absorption?

A

making nutrients in food available to your circulatory system
-small intestine

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6
Q

what is egestion?

A

getting rid of indigestiable food
-large intestine

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7
Q

what is the order of digestion in body parts?

A
  1. mouth
  2. pharynx
  3. esophagus
  4. stomach
  5. small intestine
  6. large intestine
  7. anus
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8
Q

what do teeth aid in?

A

mechanical digestion by chewing food into smaller pieces

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9
Q

what is mastication?

A

chewing

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10
Q

what does chewing help with?

A

easier swallowing and faster chemical breakdown in digestive tract

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11
Q

what do canines do?

A

rip

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12
Q

what do incesors do?

A

shred

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13
Q

what do molars do?

A

grind

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14
Q

what does saliva contain?

A

the enzyme amylase, which chemically breaks down starches

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15
Q

what does saliva do to food?

A

softens it

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16
Q

what tates are taste buds sensitive to?

A

sweet, salty, sour and bitter

17
Q

what happens when you first eat food?

A

it is rolled into a small ball called a bolus which is passed to the back of the throat and swallowed.

18
Q

what does the epiglottus do when swallowing?

A

closes the turchea

19
Q

ingestion starts both what two types of digestions?

A

chemical and mechanical

20
Q

what is the pharynx?

A

the “crossroad” between mouth, nose, trachea and esophagus

21
Q

what is the esophagus?

A

25cm long muscular tube that functions to transport food and liquids from the pharynx to the stomach by waves of muscular contractions (peristalsis)

22
Q

is perstalsis involuntary?

23
Q

Where does food enter the stomach?

A

Though the cardiac lower esophageal sphincter

24
Q

What part of the stomach creates inactive enzymes?

A

The upper portion (fundus)

25
Where do enzymes become active?
In the lower portion of the stomach (pycloric) as they begin to take part in chemical digestion
26
Where does food leave the small intestine through?
Pyloric sphincter
27
How much food can the stomach hold?
2-4L
28
How many layers and there names within the stomach?
3 layers, longitudinal, circular and oblique (diagonal) rows
29
What do the 3 muscles help with?
Squeeze and churn the food (mechanical)
30
Where are gastric glands located
In the wall of the stomach
31
What do gastric glands produce?
Hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen
32
What is pepsinogen?
An inactive form of an enzyme called a precursor
33
What does HCL do in the stomach?
Kills bacteria, breaks down food and provides the right pH for enzymes to work
34
What do mucous cells do?
Secrete protective coating against HCL
35
What happens to pepsinogen in the presence of HCL?
Converted to an active form of pepsin -pepsin acts on proteins and breaks them down into smaller pieces
36
What does lipase do in the stomach ?
Starts the breakdown of lipids
37
What is the soupy mixture of food and digestive juices called after 3-5 hours ?
Chyme
38
What does chyme do?
Stimulated the pycloric valve to open and food moves into small intestine