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bio 20 > Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the mitochondria?

A

Site of cellular respiration

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2
Q

What is the mitochondrial matrix?

A

Fluid filled space surrounded by inner membrane.
-contains proteins & enzymes to break down glucose

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3
Q

What is the inner membrane?

A

Site of ATP production

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4
Q

What is the Cristae ?

A

Folds in the inner membrane that increase surface area

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5
Q

What is the intermembrane space?

A

Space between inner and outer membranes

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6
Q

What are 3 pathways for releasing energy?

A
  1. Aerobic cellular respiration
  2. Anaerobic cellular respiration
  3. Fermentation
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7
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

Occurs in presence of O2 and involves complete
oxidation of glucose

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8
Q

What is aerobic cellular respiration carried out by?

A

Oxygen-rich conditions
Ex, plants, animals, some fungi, protists and bacteria

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9
Q

What is anaerobic cellular respiration?

A

Occurs in absence of O2 and glucose is not
completely oxidized

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10
Q

What is anaerobic cellular respiration carried out by?

A

Organisms that live in anoxic conditions
Ex, some bacteria, archaea

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11
Q

What is fermentation?

A

Metabolic process by which organic molecules are converted into acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen or any electron transport chain.

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12
Q

Where does fermentation occur?

A

Yeast, some bacteria and in the muscle cells of animals when there is insufficient O2

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13
Q

What does NADH stand for ?

A

Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

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14
Q

What does FADH2 stand for?

A

Reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide

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15
Q

How does NADH and FADH2 create ATP?

A

Go through electron transport system producing molecules of ATP

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16
Q

What are the 4 steps in the aerobic cycle?

A
  1. Glycolysis
  2. Pyruvate oxidation/ Krebs cycle preparation
  3. Krebs cycle/cirtic acid cycle
  4. Electron transport system
17
Q

What is glycolysis ?

A

Anaerobic process that occurs in the cytoplasm of all cells

18
Q

What is the Pyruvate oxidation/Krebs cycle preparation occur?

A

Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix of eukaryotic cells when sufficient oxygen is available.

19
Q

What is the Krebs cycle/citric acid cycle?

A

Takes place in the mitochondria matrix; occurs once for each of the 2 molecules of acetyl-CoA

20
Q

What is fermentation?

A

An anaerobic process that is less efficient than aerobic respiration.

21
Q

Where does lactate fermentation occur?

A

Occurs in the cytoplasm of animal cells due to insufficient O2 levels and in some bacteria.

22
Q

What does lactic acid build up/oxygen cause?

A

Muscle fatigue and cramps

23
Q

What does lactate fermentation do?

A

regenerates the NAD+ needed for glycolysis

24
Q

What is ethanol fermentation?

A

-occurs in the cytoplasm of yeast cells
-regenerates NAD+ needed for glycolysis

25
Q

where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?

A

inner membrane

26
Q

what is produced in glycolysis?

A

2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate

27
Q

what is produced in lactate fermentation?

A

2 lactic acid, 2 NAD+

28
Q

what is produced in ethanol fermentation?

A

2CO2, 2 ethanol, 2NAD+

29
Q

what is produced in krebs prep?

A

2 NADH, 2CO2, 2 acetyl-CoA

30
Q

what is produced in the krebs cycle?

A

6 NADH, 2ATP. 2FADH2, 4CO2

31
Q

what is active transport?

A

Movement of substances through a membrane against a
concentration gradient

-Requires a membrane – bound carrier protein and ATP

32
Q

what is oxidative phosphorylation?

A

when a ADP molecule is bonded to a phosphate and creates ATP

33
Q

what is chemiosmosis?

A

The movement of hydrogen ions across the membrane via ATP synthase

34
Q

where does chemiosmosis happen?

A

photosynthesis- thylakoids of chloroplast
cellular respiration- inner mitchondrial membrane

35
Q

what happens when you break down ATP to ADP and P?

A

energy is released.

36
Q

What is glycogen?

A

Stored form of glucose that’s made up of many connected glucose molecules.

37
Q

what happens when hydrogen and electrons pass through ATP synthase?

A

ADP, phosphate, hydrogen, and oxygen are used; ATP and water are formed

bio 20 (13 decks)

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