Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What is the mitochondria?
Site of cellular respiration
What is the mitochondrial matrix?
Fluid filled space surrounded by inner membrane.
-contains proteins & enzymes to break down glucose
What is the inner membrane?
Site of ATP production
What is the Cristae ?
Folds in the inner membrane that increase surface area
What is the intermembrane space?
Space between inner and outer membranes
What are 3 pathways for releasing energy?
- Aerobic cellular respiration
- Anaerobic cellular respiration
- Fermentation
What is aerobic respiration?
Occurs in presence of O2 and involves complete
oxidation of glucose
What is aerobic cellular respiration carried out by?
Oxygen-rich conditions
Ex, plants, animals, some fungi, protists and bacteria
What is anaerobic cellular respiration?
Occurs in absence of O2 and glucose is not
completely oxidized
What is anaerobic cellular respiration carried out by?
Organisms that live in anoxic conditions
Ex, some bacteria, archaea
What is fermentation?
Metabolic process by which organic molecules are converted into acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen or any electron transport chain.
Where does fermentation occur?
Yeast, some bacteria and in the muscle cells of animals when there is insufficient O2
What does NADH stand for ?
Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
What does FADH2 stand for?
Reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide
How does NADH and FADH2 create ATP?
Go through electron transport system producing molecules of ATP
What are the 4 steps in the aerobic cycle?
- Glycolysis
- Pyruvate oxidation/ Krebs cycle preparation
- Krebs cycle/cirtic acid cycle
- Electron transport system
What is glycolysis ?
Anaerobic process that occurs in the cytoplasm of all cells
What is the Pyruvate oxidation/Krebs cycle preparation occur?
Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix of eukaryotic cells when sufficient oxygen is available.
What is the Krebs cycle/citric acid cycle?
Takes place in the mitochondria matrix; occurs once for each of the 2 molecules of acetyl-CoA
What is fermentation?
An anaerobic process that is less efficient than aerobic respiration.
Where does lactate fermentation occur?
Occurs in the cytoplasm of animal cells due to insufficient O2 levels and in some bacteria.
What does lactic acid build up/oxygen cause?
Muscle fatigue and cramps
What does lactate fermentation do?
regenerates the NAD+ needed for glycolysis
What is ethanol fermentation?
-occurs in the cytoplasm of yeast cells
-regenerates NAD+ needed for glycolysis
where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?
inner membrane
what is produced in glycolysis?
2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate
what is produced in lactate fermentation?
2 lactic acid, 2 NAD+
what is produced in ethanol fermentation?
2CO2, 2 ethanol, 2NAD+
what is produced in krebs prep?
2 NADH, 2CO2, 2 acetyl-CoA
what is produced in the krebs cycle?
6 NADH, 2ATP. 2FADH2, 4CO2
what is active transport?
Movement of substances through a membrane against a
concentration gradient
-Requires a membrane – bound carrier protein and ATP
what is oxidative phosphorylation?
when a ADP molecule is bonded to a phosphate and creates ATP
what is chemiosmosis?
The movement of hydrogen ions across the membrane via ATP synthase
where does chemiosmosis happen?
photosynthesis- thylakoids of chloroplast
cellular respiration- inner mitchondrial membrane
what happens when you break down ATP to ADP and P?
energy is released.
What is glycogen?
Stored form of glucose that’s made up of many connected glucose molecules.
what happens when hydrogen and electrons pass through ATP synthase?
ADP, phosphate, hydrogen, and oxygen are used; ATP and water are formed
