Tongue and Palate Flashcards
What is the fold of tissue called that extends from:
- Top lip
- Under tongue
Frenulum
What are the tissue folds called that hang either side of the uvula
Anterior folds = palatoglossal arches
Posterior folds = palatopharyngeal arches
What exists in between the folds either side of the uvula
Collections of lymphoid tissue called the palatine tonsils
What muscles form the lateral walls, and the floor of the oral cavity
Lateral walls = buccinator
Floor = mylohyoid (forms a diaphragm)
Describe the innervation to the 5 supra-hyoid muscles
Mylohyoid = CNV3
Stylohyoid = Facial (CN VII)
Geniohyoid = C1 nerve in hypoglossal (CN XII)
Anterior belly of digastric = CNV3
Posterior belly of digastric = Facial (CN VII)
What is the overall function of the supra-hyoid muscles
To elevate the hyoid bone:
- mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric also depress the mandible
Name the 3 main salivary glands (and their innervation)
- Submandibular (CN VII)
- Sublingual (CN VII)
- Parotid (CN IX)
Where does the parotid duct open into the oral cavity
The upper second molar (one on either side)
Where does the submandibular duct open into the oral cavity
Between the lower 1st and 2nd incisors either side of the (lingual) frenulum
Describe the duct system of the sublingual gland
It has several small ducts that open directly into the floor of the mouth
What nerve supplies the main motor innervation to the tongue
The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Name the 4 papillae that exist on the dorsal surface of the tongue
- Vallate
- Folliate
- Filiform
- Fungiform
What is the function of the intrinsic tongue muscles
They change the shape of the tongue
Name the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue
- Genioglossus
- Palatoglossus
- Styloglossus
- Hyoglossus
Describe the functions of the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue
Genioglossus = depresses tongue and protrudes lip
Palatoglossus = elevates tongue
Styloglossus = elevates and retracts tongue
Hyoglossus - depresses tongue
What is the only extrinsic muscle of the tongue that is not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve; describe its innervation
Palatoglossus; vagus nerve (CN X) in the pharyngeal plexus
What artery supplies the tongue
Lingual artery; 2nd anterior branch of the external carotid artery
What branches exist from the lingual artery
- Deep lingual artery
- Dorsal lingual arteries
- Sublingual artery
What nerve, and muscle, does the lingual artery pass under to reach the tongue
Hypoglossus nerve, and the hyoglossus muscle
What veins drain the tongue
- Dorsal lingual vein
- Deep lingual vein
- Sublingual vein
Where do the veins of the tongue drain to
The internal jugular vein
Describe the lymphatic drainage of the tongue
- Tip of the tongue to submental
- Lateral edges to submandibular
- Central and posterior parts to deep cervical
(lymph nodes)
Describe the sensation to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
General senesation = lingual nerve, branch of CNV3
Special sensation = chorda tympani, branch of CN VII
Describe the sensation to the posterior 2/3rds of the tongue
Both general and special sensation = lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
What bones form the hard palate
- Palatine parts of the maxilla
2. Horizontal plates of the palatine bones
Describe the innervation of the soft palate muscles
- All the cranial part of the accessory nerve running in the vagus nerve in the pharyngeal plexus
- Except tensor veli palatine; medial pterygoid nerve (CNV3)
Describe the attachment of the tensor veli palatini
Cartilage of the auditory tube to the palatine aponeurosis
Describe the action of the tensor veli palatini
Tenses the soft palate
Describe the attachment of the levator veli palatini
Petrous temporal bone and cartilage of the auditory tube to the palatine aponeurosis
Describe the action of the levator veli palatini
Raises the soft palate
Describe the attachment of the palatoglossus
Palatine aponeurosis to the side of the tongue
Describe the action of the palatoglossus
Elevates the tongue, and closes the oral cavity from the oropharynx
Describe the attachment of the palatopharyngeus
Palatine aponeurosis to the lateral wall of the pharynx
Describe the action of palatopharyngeus
Elevates the pharynx and tenses the soft palate
Describe the attachment of musculus uvulae
Palatine aponeurosis to the mucosa of the uvula
What artery supplies the hard palate
Greater palatine artery; branch of the 3rd part of the maxillary artery
What nerves innervate the hard palate
Branches of CNV2 from the pterygopalatine ganglion
Describe the pathway of the neurovascular structures into the hard palate
Descend into the palatine canal to enter the palate via the greater palatine foramen
What structure strengthens the anterior section of the soft palate
The palatine aponeurosis
How many muscles are present in the soft palate, and name them
There are five:
- Tensor veli palatini
- Levator veli palatini
- Palatoglossus
- Palatopharyngeus
- Musculus uvulae
Describe the action of musculus uvulae
Elevates and retracts the uvula
What arteries supply the teeth
Maxillary = superior alveolar
Mandibular = inferior alveolar
Both branches of the maxillary artery
Describe the innervation to the teeth
Maxillary = superior alveolar nerves (CNV2) Mandibular = inferior alveolar nerves (CNV3)
