Tongue and Palate

Question 1

What is the fold of tissue called that extends from:

1. Top lip
2. Under tongue

Answer 1

Frenulum

Question 2

What are the tissue folds called that hang either side of the uvula

Answer 2

Anterior folds = palatoglossal arches

Posterior folds = palatopharyngeal arches

Question 3

What exists in between the folds either side of the uvula

Answer 3

Collections of lymphoid tissue called the palatine tonsils

Question 4

What muscles form the lateral walls, and the floor of the oral cavity

Answer 4

Lateral walls = buccinator

Floor = mylohyoid (forms a diaphragm)

Question 5

Describe the innervation to the 5 supra-hyoid muscles

Answer 5

Mylohyoid = CNV3
Stylohyoid = Facial (CN VII)
Geniohyoid = C1 nerve in hypoglossal (CN XII)
Anterior belly of digastric = CNV3
Posterior belly of digastric = Facial (CN VII)

Question 6

What is the overall function of the supra-hyoid muscles

Answer 6

To elevate the hyoid bone:

- mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric also depress the mandible

Question 7

Name the 3 main salivary glands (and their innervation)

Answer 7

1. Submandibular (CN VII)
2. Sublingual (CN VII)
3. Parotid (CN IX)

Question 8

Where does the parotid duct open into the oral cavity

Answer 8

The upper second molar (one on either side)

Question 9

Where does the submandibular duct open into the oral cavity

Answer 9

Between the lower 1st and 2nd incisors either side of the (lingual) frenulum

Question 10

Describe the duct system of the sublingual gland

Answer 10

It has several small ducts that open directly into the floor of the mouth

Question 11

What nerve supplies the main motor innervation to the tongue

Answer 11

The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Question 12

Name the 4 papillae that exist on the dorsal surface of the tongue

Answer 12

1. Vallate
2. Folliate
3. Filiform
4. Fungiform

Question 13

What is the function of the intrinsic tongue muscles

Answer 13

They change the shape of the tongue

Question 14

Name the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 14

1. Genioglossus
2. Palatoglossus
3. Styloglossus
4. Hyoglossus

Question 15

Describe the functions of the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 15

Genioglossus = depresses tongue and protrudes lip
Palatoglossus = elevates tongue
Styloglossus = elevates and retracts tongue
Hyoglossus - depresses tongue

Question 16

What is the only extrinsic muscle of the tongue that is not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve; describe its innervation

Answer 16

Palatoglossus; vagus nerve (CN X) in the pharyngeal plexus

Question 17

What artery supplies the tongue

Answer 17

Lingual artery; 2nd anterior branch of the external carotid artery

Question 18

What branches exist from the lingual artery

Answer 18

1. Deep lingual artery
2. Dorsal lingual arteries
3. Sublingual artery

Question 19

What nerve, and muscle, does the lingual artery pass under to reach the tongue

Answer 19

Hypoglossus nerve, and the hyoglossus muscle

Question 20

What veins drain the tongue

Answer 20

1. Dorsal lingual vein
2. Deep lingual vein
3. Sublingual vein

Question 21

Where do the veins of the tongue drain to

Answer 21

The internal jugular vein

Question 22

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the tongue

Answer 22

1. Tip of the tongue to submental
2. Lateral edges to submandibular
3. Central and posterior parts to deep cervical
   (lymph nodes)

Question 23

Describe the sensation to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

Answer 23

General senesation = lingual nerve, branch of CNV3

Special sensation = chorda tympani, branch of CN VII

Question 24

Describe the sensation to the posterior 2/3rds of the tongue

Answer 24

Both general and special sensation = lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Question 25

What bones form the hard palate

Answer 25

1. Palatine parts of the maxilla | 2. Horizontal plates of the palatine bones

Question 26

Describe the innervation of the soft palate muscles

Answer 26

1. All the cranial part of the accessory nerve running in the vagus nerve in the pharyngeal plexus 2. Except tensor veli palatine; medial pterygoid nerve (CNV3)

Question 27

Describe the attachment of the tensor veli palatini

Answer 27

Cartilage of the auditory tube to the palatine aponeurosis

Question 28

Describe the action of the tensor veli palatini

Answer 28

Tenses the soft palate

Question 29

Describe the attachment of the levator veli palatini

Answer 29

Petrous temporal bone and cartilage of the auditory tube to the palatine aponeurosis

Question 30

Describe the action of the levator veli palatini

Answer 30

Raises the soft palate

Question 31

Describe the attachment of the palatoglossus

Answer 31

Palatine aponeurosis to the side of the tongue

Question 32

Describe the action of the palatoglossus

Answer 32

Elevates the tongue, and closes the oral cavity from the oropharynx

Question 33

Describe the attachment of the palatopharyngeus

Answer 33

Palatine aponeurosis to the lateral wall of the pharynx

Question 34

Describe the action of palatopharyngeus

Answer 34

Elevates the pharynx and tenses the soft palate

Question 35

Describe the attachment of musculus uvulae

Answer 35

Palatine aponeurosis to the mucosa of the uvula

Question 36

What artery supplies the hard palate

Answer 36

Greater palatine artery; branch of the 3rd part of the maxillary artery

Question 37

What nerves innervate the hard palate

Answer 37

Branches of CNV2 from the pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 38

Describe the pathway of the neurovascular structures into the hard palate

Answer 38

Descend into the palatine canal to enter the palate via the greater palatine foramen

Question 39

What structure strengthens the anterior section of the soft palate

Answer 39

The palatine aponeurosis

Question 40

How many muscles are present in the soft palate, and name them

Answer 40

There are five: 1. Tensor veli palatini 2. Levator veli palatini 3. Palatoglossus 4. Palatopharyngeus 5. Musculus uvulae

Question 41

Describe the action of musculus uvulae

Answer 41

Elevates and retracts the uvula

Question 42

What arteries supply the teeth

Answer 42

Maxillary = superior alveolar Mandibular = inferior alveolar Both branches of the maxillary artery

Question 43

Describe the innervation to the teeth

Answer 43

``` Maxillary = superior alveolar nerves (CNV2) Mandibular = inferior alveolar nerves (CNV3) ```