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Gross Anatomy 2 > Tongue and Palate > Flashcards

Tongue and Palate Flashcards

1
Q

What is the fold of tissue called that extends from:

  1. Top lip
  2. Under tongue
A

Frenulum

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2
Q

What are the tissue folds called that hang either side of the uvula

A

Anterior folds = palatoglossal arches

Posterior folds = palatopharyngeal arches

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3
Q

What exists in between the folds either side of the uvula

A

Collections of lymphoid tissue called the palatine tonsils

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4
Q

What muscles form the lateral walls, and the floor of the oral cavity

A

Lateral walls = buccinator

Floor = mylohyoid (forms a diaphragm)

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5
Q

Describe the innervation to the 5 supra-hyoid muscles

A

Mylohyoid = CNV3
Stylohyoid = Facial (CN VII)
Geniohyoid = C1 nerve in hypoglossal (CN XII)
Anterior belly of digastric = CNV3
Posterior belly of digastric = Facial (CN VII)

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6
Q

What is the overall function of the supra-hyoid muscles

A

To elevate the hyoid bone:

- mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric also depress the mandible

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7
Q

Name the 3 main salivary glands (and their innervation)

A
  1. Submandibular (CN VII)
  2. Sublingual (CN VII)
  3. Parotid (CN IX)
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8
Q

Where does the parotid duct open into the oral cavity

A

The upper second molar (one on either side)

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9
Q

Where does the submandibular duct open into the oral cavity

A

Between the lower 1st and 2nd incisors either side of the (lingual) frenulum

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10
Q

Describe the duct system of the sublingual gland

A

It has several small ducts that open directly into the floor of the mouth

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11
Q

What nerve supplies the main motor innervation to the tongue

A

The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

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12
Q

Name the 4 papillae that exist on the dorsal surface of the tongue

A
  1. Vallate
  2. Folliate
  3. Filiform
  4. Fungiform
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13
Q

What is the function of the intrinsic tongue muscles

A

They change the shape of the tongue

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14
Q

Name the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A
  1. Genioglossus
  2. Palatoglossus
  3. Styloglossus
  4. Hyoglossus
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15
Q

Describe the functions of the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Genioglossus = depresses tongue and protrudes lip
Palatoglossus = elevates tongue
Styloglossus = elevates and retracts tongue
Hyoglossus - depresses tongue

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16
Q

What is the only extrinsic muscle of the tongue that is not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve; describe its innervation

A

Palatoglossus; vagus nerve (CN X) in the pharyngeal plexus

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17
Q

What artery supplies the tongue

A

Lingual artery; 2nd anterior branch of the external carotid artery

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18
Q

What branches exist from the lingual artery

A
  1. Deep lingual artery
  2. Dorsal lingual arteries
  3. Sublingual artery
19
Q

What nerve, and muscle, does the lingual artery pass under to reach the tongue

A

Hypoglossus nerve, and the hyoglossus muscle

20
Q

What veins drain the tongue

A
  1. Dorsal lingual vein
  2. Deep lingual vein
  3. Sublingual vein
21
Q

Where do the veins of the tongue drain to

A

The internal jugular vein

22
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the tongue

A
  1. Tip of the tongue to submental
  2. Lateral edges to submandibular
  3. Central and posterior parts to deep cervical
    (lymph nodes)
23
Q

Describe the sensation to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

A

General senesation = lingual nerve, branch of CNV3

Special sensation = chorda tympani, branch of CN VII

24
Q

Describe the sensation to the posterior 2/3rds of the tongue

A

Both general and special sensation = lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

25
Q

What bones form the hard palate

A
  1. Palatine parts of the maxilla

2. Horizontal plates of the palatine bones

26
Q

Describe the innervation of the soft palate muscles

A
  1. All the cranial part of the accessory nerve running in the vagus nerve in the pharyngeal plexus
  2. Except tensor veli palatine; medial pterygoid nerve (CNV3)
27
Q

Describe the attachment of the tensor veli palatini

A

Cartilage of the auditory tube to the palatine aponeurosis

28
Q

Describe the action of the tensor veli palatini

A

Tenses the soft palate

29
Q

Describe the attachment of the levator veli palatini

A

Petrous temporal bone and cartilage of the auditory tube to the palatine aponeurosis

30
Q

Describe the action of the levator veli palatini

A

Raises the soft palate

31
Q

Describe the attachment of the palatoglossus

A

Palatine aponeurosis to the side of the tongue

32
Q

Describe the action of the palatoglossus

A

Elevates the tongue, and closes the oral cavity from the oropharynx

33
Q

Describe the attachment of the palatopharyngeus

A

Palatine aponeurosis to the lateral wall of the pharynx

34
Q

Describe the action of palatopharyngeus

A

Elevates the pharynx and tenses the soft palate

35
Q

Describe the attachment of musculus uvulae

A

Palatine aponeurosis to the mucosa of the uvula

36
Q

What artery supplies the hard palate

A

Greater palatine artery; branch of the 3rd part of the maxillary artery

37
Q

What nerves innervate the hard palate

A

Branches of CNV2 from the pterygopalatine ganglion

38
Q

Describe the pathway of the neurovascular structures into the hard palate

A

Descend into the palatine canal to enter the palate via the greater palatine foramen

39
Q

What structure strengthens the anterior section of the soft palate

A

The palatine aponeurosis

40
Q

How many muscles are present in the soft palate, and name them

A

There are five:

  1. Tensor veli palatini
  2. Levator veli palatini
  3. Palatoglossus
  4. Palatopharyngeus
  5. Musculus uvulae
41
Q

Describe the action of musculus uvulae

A

Elevates and retracts the uvula

42
Q

What arteries supply the teeth

A

Maxillary = superior alveolar
Mandibular = inferior alveolar
Both branches of the maxillary artery

43
Q

Describe the innervation to the teeth

A 
Maxillary = superior alveolar nerves (CNV2)
Mandibular = inferior alveolar nerves (CNV3)

Gross Anatomy 2 (28 decks)

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