Posterior Leg and Ankle Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What line on the tibia highlights the popliteal area

A

Soleal line

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2
Q

How many muscles are part of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

7; 3 superficial and 4 deep

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3
Q

What is the common insertion of the superficial muscles

A

The posterior surface of the calcaneus via the tendocalcaneous

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4
Q

Describe the pathway of the deep muscles

A

They pass behind the medial malleolus to the plantar surface of the foot (except popliteus)

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5
Q

Name the superficial muscles of the posterior leg

A
  1. Gastrocnemius
  2. Plantaris
  3. Soleus
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6
Q

How many heads does the gastrocnemius have

A

2; medial and lateral

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7
Q

Describe the proximal attachment of the gastrocnemius

A
Medial = Popliteal surface of the femur superior to the medial condyle
Lateral = Lateral aspect of the lateral condyle of the femur
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8
Q

What nerve innervates the gastrocnmeius

A

Tibial nerve (S1, 2)

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9
Q

What is the action of the gastrocnmeius

A

Plantarflexes the ankle and flexes the knee

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10
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the plantaris

A

Lateral supracondylar line of the femur

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11
Q

What nerve innervates the plantaris

A

Tibial nerve (S1, 2)

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12
Q

What is the action of the plantaris

A

Assists in plantarflexion of the ankle

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13
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the soleus

A

Soleal line of tibia and the upper 1/3 of the posterior fibula tendinous arch

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14
Q

What nerve innervates the soleus

A

Tibial nerve (S1, 2)

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15
Q

What is the action of the soleus

A

Plantarflexes the ankle

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16
Q

Name the deep muscles of the posterior leg

A
  1. Popliteus
  2. Flexor digitorum longus
  3. Flexor hallucis longus
  4. Tibialis posterior
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17
Q

Where does the popliteus muscle extend from and to

A

Lateral condyle of the femur and the lateral meniscus to the popliteal area of the tibia

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18
Q

What nerve innervates the popliteus

A

Tibial nerve (L4, 5, S1)

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19
Q

What is the action of the popliteus

A

Unlocks the knee joint by laterally rotating the femur on the fixed tibia

20
Q

Where does the flexor digitorum longus extend from and to

A

Posterior surface of tibia to the base of the distal phalynx of digits 2-5

21
Q

What nerve innervates the flexor digitorum longus

A

Tibial nerve (L5, S1, 2)

22
Q

What is the action of the flexor digitorum longus

A

Flexes the lateral 4 digits and it is a weak plantarflexor of the ankle

23
Q

Where does the flexor hallucis longus extend from and to

A

Posterior surface of the fibula to the base of the distal phalynx of the hallux

24
Q

What nerve innervates the flexor hallucis longus

A

Tibial nerve (L5, S1, 2)

25
Q

What is the action of the flexor hallucis longus

A

Flexes the hallux and is a weak plantarflexor of the ankle

26
Q

Where does the tibialis posterior extend from

A

Posterior surface of the tibia and fibula, and the interosseous membrane

27
Q

What is the distal attachment of the tibialis posterior

A

Tuberosity of navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, sustentaculum tali of calcaneus, and the base of the 2nd-4th metatarsals

28
Q

What nerve innervates the tibialis posterior

A

Tibial nerve (L4, 5)

29
Q

What is the action of the tibialis posterior

A

Plantarflexes the ankle and inverts the foot

30
Q

What is the medial to lateral arrangement of the tendons of the deep muscles at the ankle joint

A
  1. Tibialis posterior
  2. Flexor digitorum longus
  3. Flexor hallucis longus
31
Q

Where does the flexor retinaculum extend from and to

A

Medial malleolus to the calcaneus

32
Q

Within the flexor retinaculum where are the posterior tibial vessels found

A

Between the FDL and FHL tendons

33
Q

What muscles does the posterior tibial artery run along

A

Deep the soleus along the tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus

34
Q

Describe the pathway of the fibular artery

A

Runs medial to the fibula within the flexor hallucis longus

35
Q

What does the tibial nerve run with down the leg

A

The posterior tibial artery

36
Q

Name the terminal branches of the tibial nerve

A
  1. Medial plantar nerve

2. Lateral plantar nerve

37
Q

What ligaments hold the inferior tibiofibular joint together

A
  1. Anterior tibiofibular
  2. Interosseuous
  3. Posterior tibiofibular
38
Q

Name the arch that forms at the distal ends of the tibia and fibula, which articulates with the talus

A

Malleolar mortise

39
Q

What part of the talus articulates with the malleolar mortise

A

The trochlea of the talus

40
Q

What type of flexion is more stable at the ankle joint; and why

A

Dorsiflexion; wider part of the talus is wedged into other bones

41
Q

Where are the strong collateral ligaments of the ankle located

A

Laterally and medially

42
Q

Name the lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle joint

A
  1. Anterior talofibular
  2. Posterior talofibular
  3. Calcaneofibular
43
Q

Where do the lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle joint extend from

A

The fibula

44
Q

What is the medial collateral ligament of the ankle joint called

A

The deltoid ligament

45
Q

Where does the deltoid ligament fan out from

A

The medial malleolus

46
Q

Name the 4 parts of the deltoid ligament

A
  1. Anterior tibiotalar
  2. Tibionavicular
  3. Tibiocalcaneal
  4. Posterior tibiotalar
47
Q

During what action does the medial collateral ligament of the ankle stabilise, and thus prevent

A

During eversion it prevents subluxation (partial dislocation) of the ankle joint