Parotid Gland and Temporal Region Flashcards
What is the parotid gland
It is a salivary gland; specifically acini only
What does the surrounding capsule of the parotid gland extend as
Stylomandibular ligament
Describe the course the parotid duct takes to enter the oral cavity
Pierces the buccal fat pad and the buccinator muscle; enters the oral cavity at the upper 2nd molar
How many branches does the facial nerve have
6
Name the branches of the facial nerve
- Posterior auricular
- Temporal
- Zygomatic
- Buccal
- Marginal mandibular
- Cervical
Name the artery that normally passes transversely with the parotid gland
Transverse facial artery
Name the terminal branches of the external carotid artery
- Superficial temporal
2. Maxillary
What vein is formed through the union of the superficial temporal and maxillary veins
Retromandibular vein
What structure divides the parotid gland
The facial nerve divides the parotid gland into deep and superficial parts
What nerve supplies the parotid gland
The auriculotemporal nerve
What cranial nerve supplies the parotid gland
The glossopharangeal nerve (CNIX)
Through what, does the parotid gland receive sympathetic innervation
Fibres from the plexus around the external carotid artery
Name the muscles of mastication
- Temporalis
- Masseter
- Lateral pterygoid
- Medial pterygoid
What nerve innervates the muscles of mastication
The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CNV3)
Name the different movements of the mandible
- Elevation
- Depression
- Protrusion
- Retraction
- Lateral sliding
What are the attachment sites of the temporalis muscle
Temporal fossa and fascia to the coronoid process and anterior border of the ramus of the mandible
What is the action of the temporalis muscle
- Anterior and superior fibres elevate the mandible
2. Posterior fibres retract the mandible
What are the attachment sites of the masseter muscle
Zygomatic arch to the lateral aspect of the ramus of the mandible
What is the action of the masseter muscle
Elevates the mandible
Where do the heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle extend from
Upper head = infratemporal surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid
Lower head = lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
What is the common insertion of the lateral pterygoid muscle
Neck of the mandible and the articular disc
What are the actions of the lateral pterygoid muscle
Both = protrude the mandible One = help in lateral chewing movements (with the medial pterygoid muscle)
Where do the heads of the medial ptergoid muscle extend from
Superficial head = tubercle of the maxilla
Deep head = medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
What is the common insertion of the medial pterygoid muscle
Medial surface of the angle of the mandible
