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Gross Anatomy 2 > Face and Scalp > Flashcards

Face and Scalp Flashcards

1
Q

Name the two distinct processes of the temporal bone

A
  1. Mastoid process

2. Styloid process

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2
Q

What is the bony opening for the external ear

A

The external auditory meatus

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3
Q

Where do the majority of the muscles of facial expression attach from and to

A

Originate on facial bones and insert into the skin/connective tissue of the face

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4
Q

What nerve innervates the majority of muscles of facial expression

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

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5
Q

What muscles of facial expression are innervated by the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

A
  1. Masseter

2. Temporalis

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6
Q

What muscle forms part of the lateral wall of the oral cavity

A

The buccinator muscle

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7
Q

What fascia covers the masseter and parotid gland

A

Deep cervical fascia; parotid fascia

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8
Q

How many muscles of facial expression are there

A

17

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9
Q

Name the muscles associated with the scalp and eyebrow region

A
  1. Frontalis

2. Corrigator supercili

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10
Q

Name the muscle associated with the neck region, flaring upwards to the face

A

Platysma

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11
Q

Name the muscles associated with the nasal region

A
  1. Procerus
  2. Nasalis
  3. Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
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12
Q

Name the muscles associated with chin region

A
  1. Depressor anguli oris
  2. Depressor labii inferioris
  3. Mentalis
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13
Q

Name the important muscle that helps to control the cheeks movement

A

Buccinator

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14
Q

Name the circular muscle around the orbital region

A

Orbicularis oculi

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15
Q

Name the muscles associated with the lips and mouth

A
  1. Zygomaticus major
  2. Zygomaticus minor
  3. Orbicularis oris
  4. Levator labii superioris
  5. Levator anguli superioris
  6. Rosorius
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16
Q

Name the 5 main branches of the facial nerve

A
  1. Temporal
  2. Zygomatic
  3. Buccal
  4. Marginal mandibular
  5. Cervical
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17
Q

Name the posterior branch of the facial nerve

A

Posterior auricular

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18
Q

Name the muscles of facial expression that are innervated by the temporal branch of the facial nerve

A
  1. Frontalis

2. Orbicularis oculi

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19
Q

Name the muscles of facial expression that are innervated by the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve

A
  1. Orbicularis oculi
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20
Q

Name the muscles of facial expression that are innervated by the buccal branch of the facial nerve

A
  1. Zygomaticus major
  2. Zygomaticus minor
  3. Levator labii superioris
  4. Levator anguli oris
  5. Buccinator
  6. Orbicularis oris
  7. Nasalis
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21
Q

Name the muscles of facial expression that are innervated by the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve

A
  1. Depressor anguli oris
  2. Depressor labii oris
  3. Mentalis
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22
Q

Name the muscles of facial expression that are innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve

A
  1. Platysma
23
Q

Name the main branches of the facial artery

A
  1. Submental
  2. Inferior labial
  3. Superior labial
  4. Lateral nasal
24
Q

What vein does the facial vein drain towards

A

Internal jugular vein

25
Q

What branch of the retromandibular vein unites with the facial vein

A

The anterior branch

26
Q

How is the external jugular vein formed

A

Through the uniting of the posterior auricular vein and the posterior branch of the retromandibular vein

27
Q

Name the layers of the scalp (external to internal)

A
  1. Skin
  2. Connective tissue
  3. Aponeurosis (between frontalis and occippitalis muscles)
  4. Loose areolar connective tissue
  5. Periosteum (pericranium)
28
Q

What arteries of the scalp branch from the ECA

A
  1. Superficial temporal
  2. Posterior auricular
  3. Occipital
29
Q

What arteries of the scalp branch from the ICA

A
  1. Supratrochlear

2. Supraorbital

30
Q

What type of superficial veins drain the scalp

A

Emissary veins

31
Q

What do the emissary veins communicate with; what complication can this lead to

A

The dural venous sinuses; possible route for infection

32
Q

Name the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve

A
  1. Opthalmic (sensory)
  2. Maxillary (sensory)
  3. Mandibular (sensory and motor)
33
Q

7 nerves supply cutaneous innervation to the scalp, name them and their origin

A
  1. Supratrochleaer (CN V1)
  2. Supra-orbital (CN V1)
  3. Zygomaticotemporal (CN V2)
  4. Auriculotemporal (CN V3)
  5. Lesser occipital (C2)
  6. Greater occipital (C2)
  7. Third occipital (C3)
34
Q

Name the facial branches of the ophthalmic nerve

A
  1. Frontal

2. Nasociliary

35
Q

Name the facial branches of the maxillary nerve

A
  1. Infraorbital

2. Superior alveolar

36
Q

Name the facial branches of the mandibular nerve

A
  1. Lingual
  2. Inferior alveolar
  3. Auriculotemporal
37
Q

What is the action of the frontalis

A

Elevates the eyebrows and wrinkles the skin on the forehead; protracts the scalp

38
Q

What is the action of the corrugator supercili

A

Draws eyebrow medially and inferiorly, creating vertical wrinkles above the nose

39
Q

What is the action of the platysma

A

Depresses mandible (against resistance); tenses skin of inferior face and neck

40
Q

What is the action of the procerus

A

Depresses medial end of eyebrow; wrinkles skin over the dorsum of the nose

41
Q

What is the action of the nasalis

A

Works with procerus and levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

42
Q

What is the function of buccinator

A

Presses cheek against the molar teeth; works with the tongue to keep food between the occlusal surface and out of the oral vestibule

43
Q

What is the function of orbicularis oculi

A

Closes eyelids; palpebral part does so gently; orbital part tightly (winking)

44
Q

What is the function of zygomaticus major (dilator of mouth)

A

Elevate labial commisure; bilaterally to smile, and unilaterally to sneer

45
Q

What is the function of zygomaticus minor (dilator of mouth)

A

Retract (elevate) and/or evert the upper lip; deepen nasolabial sulcus (showing sadness)

46
Q

What is the function of orbicularis oris

A

Tonus closure oral fissure; phasic contraction compression and protrudes lips (kissing) or resists distension (when blowing)

47
Q

What is the function of levator labii superioris

A

Does the same action as zygomaticus minor

48
Q

What is the function of levator anguli superioris (dilator of mouth)

A

Widens oral fissure, as when grinning

49
Q

What is the function of risorius (dilator of mouth)

A

Depresses labial commissure bilaterally to frown

50
Q

What is the function of levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

A

Depresses ala laterally, dilating anterior nasal aperture (flaring nostrils)

51
Q

What is the function of depressor anguli oris

A

Does the same action as risorius

52
Q

What is the function of depressor labii inferioris (dilator of mouth)

A

Retracts (depresses) and/or everts lower lip

53
Q

What is the function of mentalis

A

Elevates and protrudes lower lip; elevates the skin of the chin

Gross Anatomy 2 (28 decks)

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