Face and Scalp

Question 1

Name the two distinct processes of the temporal bone

Answer 1

1. Mastoid process

2. Styloid process

Question 2

What is the bony opening for the external ear

Answer 2

The external auditory meatus

Question 3

Where do the majority of the muscles of facial expression attach from and to

Answer 3

Originate on facial bones and insert into the skin/connective tissue of the face

Question 4

What nerve innervates the majority of muscles of facial expression

Answer 4

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 5

What muscles of facial expression are innervated by the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Answer 5

1. Masseter

2. Temporalis

Question 6

What muscle forms part of the lateral wall of the oral cavity

Answer 6

The buccinator muscle

Question 7

What fascia covers the masseter and parotid gland

Answer 7

Deep cervical fascia; parotid fascia

Question 8

How many muscles of facial expression are there

Answer 8

17

Question 9

Name the muscles associated with the scalp and eyebrow region

Answer 9

1. Frontalis

2. Corrigator supercili

Question 10

Name the muscle associated with the neck region, flaring upwards to the face

Answer 10

Platysma

Question 11

Name the muscles associated with the nasal region

Answer 11

1. Procerus
2. Nasalis
3. Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

Question 12

Name the muscles associated with chin region

Answer 12

1. Depressor anguli oris
2. Depressor labii inferioris
3. Mentalis

Question 13

Name the important muscle that helps to control the cheeks movement

Answer 13

Buccinator

Question 14

Name the circular muscle around the orbital region

Answer 14

Orbicularis oculi

Question 15

Name the muscles associated with the lips and mouth

Answer 15

1. Zygomaticus major
2. Zygomaticus minor
3. Orbicularis oris
4. Levator labii superioris
5. Levator anguli superioris
6. Rosorius

Question 16

Name the 5 main branches of the facial nerve

Answer 16

1. Temporal
2. Zygomatic
3. Buccal
4. Marginal mandibular
5. Cervical

Question 17

Name the posterior branch of the facial nerve

Answer 17

Posterior auricular

Question 18

Name the muscles of facial expression that are innervated by the temporal branch of the facial nerve

Answer 18

1. Frontalis

2. Orbicularis oculi

Question 19

Name the muscles of facial expression that are innervated by the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve

Answer 19

1. Orbicularis oculi

Question 20

Name the muscles of facial expression that are innervated by the buccal branch of the facial nerve

Answer 20

1. Zygomaticus major
2. Zygomaticus minor
3. Levator labii superioris
4. Levator anguli oris
5. Buccinator
6. Orbicularis oris
7. Nasalis

Question 21

Name the muscles of facial expression that are innervated by the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve

Answer 21

1. Depressor anguli oris
2. Depressor labii oris
3. Mentalis

Question 22

Name the muscles of facial expression that are innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve

Answer 22

1. Platysma

Question 23

Name the main branches of the facial artery

Answer 23

1. Submental
2. Inferior labial
3. Superior labial
4. Lateral nasal

Question 24

What vein does the facial vein drain towards

Answer 24

Internal jugular vein

Question 25

What branch of the retromandibular vein unites with the facial vein

Answer 25

The anterior branch

Question 26

How is the external jugular vein formed

Answer 26

Through the uniting of the posterior auricular vein and the posterior branch of the retromandibular vein

Question 27

Name the layers of the scalp (external to internal)

Answer 27

1. Skin 2. Connective tissue 3. Aponeurosis (between frontalis and occippitalis muscles) 4. Loose areolar connective tissue 5. Periosteum (pericranium)

Question 28

What arteries of the scalp branch from the ECA

Answer 28

1. Superficial temporal 2. Posterior auricular 3. Occipital

Question 29

What arteries of the scalp branch from the ICA

Answer 29

1. Supratrochlear | 2. Supraorbital

Question 30

What type of superficial veins drain the scalp

Answer 30

Emissary veins

Question 31

What do the emissary veins communicate with; what complication can this lead to

Answer 31

The dural venous sinuses; possible route for infection

Question 32

Name the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 32

1. Opthalmic (sensory) 2. Maxillary (sensory) 3. Mandibular (sensory and motor)

Question 33

7 nerves supply cutaneous innervation to the scalp, name them and their origin

Answer 33

1. Supratrochleaer (CN V1) 2. Supra-orbital (CN V1) 3. Zygomaticotemporal (CN V2) 4. Auriculotemporal (CN V3) 5. Lesser occipital (C2) 6. Greater occipital (C2) 7. Third occipital (C3)

Question 34

Name the facial branches of the ophthalmic nerve

Answer 34

1. Frontal | 2. Nasociliary

Question 35

Name the facial branches of the maxillary nerve

Answer 35

1. Infraorbital | 2. Superior alveolar

Question 36

Name the facial branches of the mandibular nerve

Answer 36

1. Lingual 2. Inferior alveolar 3. Auriculotemporal

Question 37

What is the action of the frontalis

Answer 37

Elevates the eyebrows and wrinkles the skin on the forehead; protracts the scalp

Question 38

What is the action of the corrugator supercili

Answer 38

Draws eyebrow medially and inferiorly, creating vertical wrinkles above the nose

Question 39

What is the action of the platysma

Answer 39

Depresses mandible (against resistance); tenses skin of inferior face and neck

Question 40

What is the action of the procerus

Answer 40

Depresses medial end of eyebrow; wrinkles skin over the dorsum of the nose

Question 41

What is the action of the nasalis

Answer 41

Works with procerus and levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

Question 42

What is the function of buccinator

Answer 42

Presses cheek against the molar teeth; works with the tongue to keep food between the occlusal surface and out of the oral vestibule

Question 43

What is the function of orbicularis oculi

Answer 43

Closes eyelids; palpebral part does so gently; orbital part tightly (winking)

Question 44

What is the function of zygomaticus major (dilator of mouth)

Answer 44

Elevate labial commisure; bilaterally to smile, and unilaterally to sneer

Question 45

What is the function of zygomaticus minor (dilator of mouth)

Answer 45

Retract (elevate) and/or evert the upper lip; deepen nasolabial sulcus (showing sadness)

Question 46

What is the function of orbicularis oris

Answer 46

Tonus closure oral fissure; phasic contraction compression and protrudes lips (kissing) or resists distension (when blowing)

Question 47

What is the function of levator labii superioris

Answer 47

Does the same action as zygomaticus minor

Question 48

What is the function of levator anguli superioris (dilator of mouth)

Answer 48

Widens oral fissure, as when grinning

Question 49

What is the function of risorius (dilator of mouth)

Answer 49

Depresses labial commissure bilaterally to frown

Question 50

What is the function of levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

Answer 50

Depresses ala laterally, dilating anterior nasal aperture (flaring nostrils)

Question 51

What is the function of depressor anguli oris

Answer 51

Does the same action as risorius

Question 52

What is the function of depressor labii inferioris (dilator of mouth)

Answer 52

Retracts (depresses) and/or everts lower lip

Question 53

What is the function of mentalis

Answer 53

Elevates and protrudes lower lip; elevates the skin of the chin