Face and Scalp Flashcards
Name the two distinct processes of the temporal bone
- Mastoid process
2. Styloid process
What is the bony opening for the external ear
The external auditory meatus
Where do the majority of the muscles of facial expression attach from and to
Originate on facial bones and insert into the skin/connective tissue of the face
What nerve innervates the majority of muscles of facial expression
Facial nerve (CN VII)
What muscles of facial expression are innervated by the trigeminal nerve (CN V)
- Masseter
2. Temporalis
What muscle forms part of the lateral wall of the oral cavity
The buccinator muscle
What fascia covers the masseter and parotid gland
Deep cervical fascia; parotid fascia
How many muscles of facial expression are there
17
Name the muscles associated with the scalp and eyebrow region
- Frontalis
2. Corrigator supercili
Name the muscle associated with the neck region, flaring upwards to the face
Platysma
Name the muscles associated with the nasal region
- Procerus
- Nasalis
- Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
Name the muscles associated with chin region
- Depressor anguli oris
- Depressor labii inferioris
- Mentalis
Name the important muscle that helps to control the cheeks movement
Buccinator
Name the circular muscle around the orbital region
Orbicularis oculi
Name the muscles associated with the lips and mouth
- Zygomaticus major
- Zygomaticus minor
- Orbicularis oris
- Levator labii superioris
- Levator anguli superioris
- Rosorius
Name the 5 main branches of the facial nerve
- Temporal
- Zygomatic
- Buccal
- Marginal mandibular
- Cervical
Name the posterior branch of the facial nerve
Posterior auricular
Name the muscles of facial expression that are innervated by the temporal branch of the facial nerve
- Frontalis
2. Orbicularis oculi
Name the muscles of facial expression that are innervated by the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve
- Orbicularis oculi
Name the muscles of facial expression that are innervated by the buccal branch of the facial nerve
- Zygomaticus major
- Zygomaticus minor
- Levator labii superioris
- Levator anguli oris
- Buccinator
- Orbicularis oris
- Nasalis
Name the muscles of facial expression that are innervated by the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve
- Depressor anguli oris
- Depressor labii oris
- Mentalis
Name the muscles of facial expression that are innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve
- Platysma
Name the main branches of the facial artery
- Submental
- Inferior labial
- Superior labial
- Lateral nasal
What vein does the facial vein drain towards
Internal jugular vein
What branch of the retromandibular vein unites with the facial vein
The anterior branch
How is the external jugular vein formed
Through the uniting of the posterior auricular vein and the posterior branch of the retromandibular vein
Name the layers of the scalp (external to internal)
- Skin
- Connective tissue
- Aponeurosis (between frontalis and occippitalis muscles)
- Loose areolar connective tissue
- Periosteum (pericranium)
What arteries of the scalp branch from the ECA
- Superficial temporal
- Posterior auricular
- Occipital
What arteries of the scalp branch from the ICA
- Supratrochlear
2. Supraorbital
What type of superficial veins drain the scalp
Emissary veins
What do the emissary veins communicate with; what complication can this lead to
The dural venous sinuses; possible route for infection
Name the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve
- Opthalmic (sensory)
- Maxillary (sensory)
- Mandibular (sensory and motor)
7 nerves supply cutaneous innervation to the scalp, name them and their origin
- Supratrochleaer (CN V1)
- Supra-orbital (CN V1)
- Zygomaticotemporal (CN V2)
- Auriculotemporal (CN V3)
- Lesser occipital (C2)
- Greater occipital (C2)
- Third occipital (C3)
Name the facial branches of the ophthalmic nerve
- Frontal
2. Nasociliary
Name the facial branches of the maxillary nerve
- Infraorbital
2. Superior alveolar
Name the facial branches of the mandibular nerve
- Lingual
- Inferior alveolar
- Auriculotemporal
What is the action of the frontalis
Elevates the eyebrows and wrinkles the skin on the forehead; protracts the scalp
What is the action of the corrugator supercili
Draws eyebrow medially and inferiorly, creating vertical wrinkles above the nose
What is the action of the platysma
Depresses mandible (against resistance); tenses skin of inferior face and neck
What is the action of the procerus
Depresses medial end of eyebrow; wrinkles skin over the dorsum of the nose
What is the action of the nasalis
Works with procerus and levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
What is the function of buccinator
Presses cheek against the molar teeth; works with the tongue to keep food between the occlusal surface and out of the oral vestibule
What is the function of orbicularis oculi
Closes eyelids; palpebral part does so gently; orbital part tightly (winking)
What is the function of zygomaticus major (dilator of mouth)
Elevate labial commisure; bilaterally to smile, and unilaterally to sneer
What is the function of zygomaticus minor (dilator of mouth)
Retract (elevate) and/or evert the upper lip; deepen nasolabial sulcus (showing sadness)
What is the function of orbicularis oris
Tonus closure oral fissure; phasic contraction compression and protrudes lips (kissing) or resists distension (when blowing)
What is the function of levator labii superioris
Does the same action as zygomaticus minor
What is the function of levator anguli superioris (dilator of mouth)
Widens oral fissure, as when grinning
What is the function of risorius (dilator of mouth)
Depresses labial commissure bilaterally to frown
What is the function of levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
Depresses ala laterally, dilating anterior nasal aperture (flaring nostrils)
What is the function of depressor anguli oris
Does the same action as risorius
What is the function of depressor labii inferioris (dilator of mouth)
Retracts (depresses) and/or everts lower lip
What is the function of mentalis
Elevates and protrudes lower lip; elevates the skin of the chin
