Anterior Triangle of the Neck

Question 1

What structure divides the two triangles of the neck

Answer 1

The sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle

Question 2

What are the boundaries or the anterior triangle of the neck

Answer 2

Anterior = imaginary midline of the neck
Posterior = anterior border of the SCM
Base = mandible

Question 3

How many divisions are within the anterior triangle

Answer 3

4

Question 4

Name the divisions of the anterior triangle

Answer 4

1. Sub-mental
2. Sub-mandibular
3. Carotid
4. Muscular

Question 5

Name the components of the sub-mental division

Answer 5

1. Sub-mental lymph nodes

2. Beginning of the anterior jugular vein

Question 6

Name the components of the sub-mandibular division

Answer 6

1. Sub-mandibular salivary gland
2. Lymph nodes
3. Facial artery and vein
4. Carotid sheath
5. Hypoglossal nerve

Question 7

Name the components of the carotid division

Answer 7

1. Carotid sheath
2. Branches of the external carotid artery
3. Internal jugular vein
4. Hypoglossal, vagus and accessory nerves

Question 8

Name the components of the muscular division

Answer 8

1. Thyroid gland
2. Larynx
3. Trachea
4. Oesophagus

Question 9

What muscles are associated with the muscular division

Answer 9

The strap muscles of the neck (infrahyoid muscles)

Question 10

Describe the proximal and distal attachments of the platysma muscle

Answer 10

From the fascia above the pectoralis major and clavicle to the lateral neck and mandible

Question 11

What nerve innervates the platysma muscle

Answer 11

The facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 12

Describe the orientation of the jugular veins in relation to the SCM

Answer 12

External = anterior to the SCM
Internal = posterior to the SCM

Question 13

What is the root value of the cervical plexus

Answer 13

Anterior rami of C1-4

Question 14

What fascia covers the cervical plexus

Answer 14

The pre-vertebral layer of deep cervical fascia

Question 15

What is the anatomical term of the external ear

Answer 15

The auricle

Question 16

What is the root value of the ansa cervicalis

Answer 16

C1, 2, 3

Question 17

Where is the suprahyoid space located

Answer 17

Between the hyoid bone and the mandible/skull

Question 18

Where is the infrahyoid space located

Answer 18

Between the hyoid bone and the sternum or thyroid cartilage

Question 19

Name the suprahyoid muscles

Answer 19

1. Mylohyoid
2. Geniohyoid
3. Stylohyoid
4. Digastric (2 bellies)

Question 20

Describe the innervation of the suprahyoid muscles

Answer 20

Facial nerve = posterior belly of the digastric muscle, and the stylohyoid muscle
Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve = anterior belly of the digastric muscle, and the mylohyoid muscle
Hypoglossal nerve = geniohyoid

Question 21

What is the function of the suprahyoid muscles

Answer 21

Raise the hyoid bone or depress the mandible

Question 22

Name the infrahyoid muscles

Answer 22

1. Sternohyoid
2. Omohyoid
3. Sternothyroid
4. Thyrohyoid

Question 23

What is the function of the infrahyoid muscles

Answer 23

Depress the hyoid bone/thyroid cartilage

Question 24

Describe the innervation of the infrahyoid muscles

Answer 24

Ansa cervicalis = sternohyoid, omohyoid, and sternothryoid

Hypoglossal nerve = thyrohyoid

Question 25

Where do the common carotid arteries originate from

Answer 25

``` Left = arch of the aorta Right = brachiocephalic trunk ```

Question 26

Describe the contents of the carotid sheath

Answer 26

1. Common carotid artery 2. Internal jugular vein 3. Vagus nerve

Question 27

Name the terminal branches of the common carotid arteries, and what they supply

Answer 27

Internal carotid artery = brain | External carotid artery = head, face, and neck

Question 28

Do the carotid arteries give off any branches within the neck

Answer 28

``` External = yes, several Internal = no ```

Question 29

What 3 branches of the external carotid artery are present within the anterior triangle

Answer 29

1. Superior thyroid 2. Lingual 3. Facial

Question 30

What cranial nerve is the vagus nerve

Answer 30

Number 10; CN X

Question 31

What terminal nerve branches from the vagus nerve

Answer 31

The recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 32

Describe the pathway of the recurrent laryngeal nerves

Answer 32

``` Left = around the arch of the aorta Right = around the right subclavian artery ```

Question 33

What type of innervation, and where do the vagus nerves innervate

Answer 33

Parasympathetic innervation; through the thoracic inlet to head to the thorax and abdomen

Question 34

What does the thyroid gland regulate

Answer 34

The body's metabolic rate

Question 35

Describe the structure of the thyroid gland

Answer 35

Right and left lobe with an isthmus connecting the two

Question 36

What is the isthmus directly anterior to

Answer 36

The 2nd/3rd tracheal ring

Question 37

What hormones does the thyroid gland secrete

Answer 37

1. Thyroid hormone | 2. Calcitonin

Question 38

Name the two main arteries that supply the thyroid gland, and where they originate from

Answer 38

1. Superior thyroid; external carotid artery | 2. Inferior thyroid; thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery

Question 39

Where do both superior and both middle thyroid veins drain to

Answer 39

The internal jugular vein

Question 40

Where do the left and right inferior thyroid veins drain to

Answer 40

The left brachiocephalic vein

Question 41

What nerve innervates the submandibular salivary gland

Answer 41

The facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 42

Where is the submandibular salivary gland located

Answer 42

Inferior to the mylohyoid, within the submandibular division

Question 43

Where do the submandibular salivary ducts open into

Answer 43

Between the 1st and 2nd lower incisors, between the frenulum

Question 44

Where does the thoracic duct enter the venous system

Answer 44

The thoracic junction between the left internal jugular and left subclavian veins