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Gross Anatomy 2 > Knee Joint > Flashcards

Knee Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What tendon passes over the knee joint

A

Quadricep tendon

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2
Q

What does the quadricep tendon become

A

The patellar ligament

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3
Q

How many articulations occur at the knee joint

A

3

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4
Q

Name the different articulations at the knee joint

A
  1. Femoropatellar

2. Femorotibial (x2)

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5
Q

What part of the femur articulates with the tibia

A

The 2 rounded condyles

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6
Q

What is the space called between the two condyles of the femur

A

The intercondylar notch

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7
Q

Where does the patella articulate with the femur

A

The patellar surface

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8
Q

What structure covers the inner surface of the fat pads either side of the patellar ligament

A

The medial and lateral alar folds

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9
Q

What is the function of the bursae within the knee joints

A

They allow structures close to bone to move freely without causing any friction

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10
Q

What are the bursae in communication with at the knee joint

A

The synovial cavity

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11
Q

Name the bursae of the knee joint

A
  1. Suprapatellar
  2. Gastrocnemius
  3. Semimembranosus
  4. Popliteus
  5. Subcutaneous prepatellar
  6. Subcutaneous infrapatellar
  7. Deep infrapatellar
  8. Anserine
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12
Q

What are the 2 different types of ligaments within the knee joint

A
  1. Extracapsular

2. Intracapsular

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13
Q

Name the extracapsular ligaments

A
  1. Oblique popliteal
  2. Arcuate popliteal
  3. Medial collateral
  4. Lateral collateral
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14
Q

Name the intracapsular ligaments

A
  1. Anterior cruciate

2. Posterior cruciate

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15
Q

What is the oblique popliteal ligament and expansion of

A

Semimembranosus tendon

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16
Q

What is the function of the oblique popliteal ligament

A

Reinforces the posterior capsule

17
Q

What is the arcuate ligament a thickening of

A

The capsule over the popliteus muscle

18
Q

What is the function of the arcuate ligament

A

Strengthens the posterolateral joint capsule

19
Q

Where does the medial collateral ligament extend from and to

A

The medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial condyle and superior medial surface of the tibia

20
Q

Where does the lateral collateral ligament extend from and to

A

The lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral edge of the fibula head

21
Q

What is the function of the collateral ligaments

A

They prevent side to side displacement of the knee joint

22
Q

What happens to the cruciate ligaments during medial rotation of the tibia

A

They wind around each other; limited to 10 degrees

23
Q

What does the posterior cruciate ligament prevent

A

The femur from sliding anteriorly on the tibia, particularly when the knee is flexed

24
Q

What does the anterior cruciate ligament prevent

A

The femur from sliding posteriorly on the tibia, preventing hyperextension

25
Q

Where does the anterior cruciate ligament extend from and to

A

The anterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the medial side of the lateral condyle of the femur

26
Q

Name the two ACL bands and what they limit

A
  1. Anteromedial band; limits flexion

2. Posterolateral band; limits extension

27
Q

Where does the posterior cruciate ligament extend from and to

A

Posterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the lateral side of the medial condyle of the femur

28
Q

Name the two PCL bands and what they limit

A
  1. Anterolateral band; limits flexion

2. Posteromedial band; limits extension

29
Q

Why is the PCL important when the knee is flexed

A

It holds all of the body weight; transfers weight from the femur to the tibia

30
Q

What are menisci and what do they do

A

They are wedges of fibrocartilage and they acts as shock absorbers

31
Q

What is the medial meniscus attached to

A

It is firmly attached to the tibial collateral ligament

32
Q

Is the lateral meniscus freely moveable

A

Yes

33
Q

Describe the origins of the main blood supply to the knee

A
  1. 5 genicular branches from the popliteal artery
  2. Descending genicular artery from the femoral artery
  3. Descending branch from the lateral circumflex femoral artery
  4. Recurrent branches from anterior and posterior tibial arteries
34
Q

Name the anastomosis that forms around the knee joint

A

Periarticular genicular anastomosis

Gross Anatomy 2 (28 decks)

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