Pelvic Contents Flashcards
What are the two pouches called in the peritoneum of females
- Vesicouterine
2. Rectouterine
What is the pouch called in the male peritoneum
Vesicorectal (lots of variation in the size)
Describe the peritoneum of the bladder
It is infraperitoneal; it is stuck against the pubic bones
What is the apex of the bladder and where is it located
The urachus is a small piece of fibrous tissue at the top of the bladder, posterior to the pubic symphysis
What is the bladder composed of
Transitional epithelium and rugae
What does the transitional epithelium function as
Protects the bladder tissue from any toxic waste within the urine
What is the trigone of the bladder
The triangular base of the bladder; it is an internal area of smooth mucous membrane
What enters and exits at the trigone of the bladder
The ureters enter the bladder, and the urethra exits
What is the muscular coat of smooth muscle around the bladder called
Detrusor muscle
What skeletal muscle allows us to control the passing of urine
Sphincter urethrae
What ligament holds the neck of the bladder in place
Males = puboprostatic Females = pubovesical
Describe the vasculature of the bladder
Males = Superior vesical artery (x2) and inferior vesical artery (x1) Females = Superior vesical artery (x2) and vaginal artery (x1)
What main artery does blood for the bladder originate from
Internal iliac artery
What plexus is formed that drains the bladder
Vesical venous plexus
Where does the bladder receive its innervation form
ANS inferior hypogastric plexus
Where does most of the lymph from the bladder region drain to
Internal iliac nodes
What secondary nodes does lymph from the bladder region drain to
- Lumbar nodes
- Common iliac nodes
- External iliac nodes
- Deep inguinal nodes
- Sacral nodes
Where does the rectum run from, and to
The 3rd sacral vertebrae, to the tip of the coccyx
Describe the peritoneum of the rectum
Upper 1/3 = covered by visceral peritoneum
Middle 1/3 = peritoneum on the anterior surface
Lower 1/3 = infraperitoneal
What does the rectum change to after it hits the pelvic floor
The anal canal
Are the sphincters of the rectum voluntary or involuntary
Internal = involuntary External = voluntary
What is the function of the levator ani muscle
Described as puborectalis, its job is to bend the base of the rectum preventing feces from moving down the rectum
What are the 3 main arteries that supply the rectum (and where do they originate from)
- Superior rectal artery (inferior mesenteric)
- Middle rectal artery (internal iliac)
- Inferior rectal artery (internal pudendal)
What are the 3 main veins that drain the rectum (and where do they drain to)
- Superior rectal vein (portal)
- Middle rectal vein (internal iliac)
- Inferior rectal vein (internal pudendal)
What nodes does lymph from the rectum drain to
Para-rectal nodes to the inferior mesenteric and internal iliac
Where does the rectum receive its innervation from
Inferior hypogastric plexus
Name the 3 different sections of the broad ligament
- Mesometrium (uterus)
- Mesovarium (ovaries)
- Mesosalpinx (uterine tube)
Name the 3 different areas of the uterus
- Fundus (top)
- Body
- Cervix
What does the cervix open up into
The vaginal canal
Name the ends of the uterine tubes that open into the ovaries
Fimbrae
Where does the ovarian artery originate from and what does it supply
Direct branch from the abdominal aorta; supplies the uterine tubes, ovaries and the fundus of the uterus
Where does the uterine artery originate from and what does it supply
Internal iliac artery; supplies the body and cervix of the uterus
What is the area called where the cervix meets the vaginal canal
Fornix
What is the swelling of the uterine tube just after the fimbrae
Infundibulum
Where does fertilisation normally occur
Ampulla of the uterine tube
What is the area called where the uterine tube enters the uterus
Isthmus
What does the broad ligament carry
Vessels, nerves and lymphatics to the uterus
What does the round ligament create
A potential lymphatic pathway
Name 3 of the supporting ligaments that attach to the cervix
- Transverse cervical
- Uterosacral
- Pubocervical
Where do the ovaries receive their innervation from
The aortic plexus
What is the function of the ovaries
Ova and hormone production
What is the ligament of the ovary
A small fold of the connective tissue (of the broad ligament)
