The Nose

Question 1

Name the 2 muscles associated with the nose

Answer 1

1. Nasalis

2. Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

Question 2

What nerve innervates the muscles of the nose

Answer 2

The facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 3

What are the openings of the nose called

Answer 3

Nostrils or naris

Question 4

Name the cartilage that helps to separate the nose into two nostrils

Answer 4

Septal cartilage

Question 5

Name the cartilage that helps to form the shape of the nostrils

Answer 5

Alae cartilage

Question 6

Name the arteries supplying the external nose, and where they originate from

Answer 6

1. Anterior ethmoidal (ophthalmic)
2. Posterior ethmoidal (ophthalmic)
3. Sphenopalatine (maxillary)
4. Greater palatine (maxillary)
5. Superior labial (facial)
6. Lateral nasal (facial)

Question 7

Describe the innervation to the bridge of the nose

Answer 7

Infratrochlear and external nasal branch of the anterior ethmoidal nerve (CN V1)

Question 8

Describe the innervation to the alae of the nose

Answer 8

Nasal branches of the infraorbital nerve (CN V2)

Question 9

Name the three bones that are associated with the nose

Answer 9

1. Ethmoid
2. Vomer
3. Nasal

Question 10

Name the bones that are associated with the nasal cavities

Answer 10

1. Maxilla
2. Sphenoid
3. Frontal
4. Inferior nasal concha
5. Palatine

Question 11

What piece of bone forms the posterior part of the septum

Answer 11

A flat piece of the ethmoid bone; called the perpendicular plate

Question 12

What bones form the inferior part of the septum

Answer 12

1. Vomer
2. Palatine
3. Maxilla

Question 13

Describe the pathway of air through the nasal cavity

Answer 13

Nostrils -> vestibule -> choanae -> nasopharynx (openings of auditory tube) -> oropharynx -> laryngopharynx

Question 14

Name the folds on the lateral wall of the nasal passage; and how many are there

Answer 14

The conchae; there are 3

Question 15

Name the space underneath the conchae

Answer 15

Meatus

Question 16

What is the function of the conchae

Answer 16

They help to swirl the air (create turbulence) which in turn warms and moistens the air

Question 17

Name the lining of the nasal cavity; what is its functions

Answer 17

Respiratory epithelium; contains cilia and produces mucous which traps airborne particles, and thus filters the air

Question 18

What cells detect smell from the air

Answer 18

Olfactory cells

Question 19

Name the space above the superior chonchae

Answer 19

Sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 20

What are the paranasal sinuses

Answer 20

Mucous lined spaces within the following bones:

1. Frontal
2. Maxillary
3. Ethmoid
4. Sphenoid

Question 21

What is a possible function of the paranasal sinuses

Answer 21

They lighten the (otherwise) very heavy skull

Question 22

What sinus(es) open into the sphenoethmoidal recess

Answer 22

Sphenoidal

Question 23

What sinus(es) open into the superior meatus

Answer 23

Posterior ethmoidal

Question 24

What sinus(es) open into the middle meatus

Answer 24

1. Frontal
2. Anterior ethmoidal
3. Middle ethmoidal
4. Maxillary

Question 25

Describe the innervation to the paranasal sinuses

Answer 25

``` Frontal = supra-orbital (CN V1) Sphenoidal = posterior ethmoidal (CN V1) Ethmoidal = nasociliary (CN V1) Maxillary = superior alveolar (CN V2) ```

Question 26

Name the area where the blood vessels of the medial wall anastomose together

Answer 26

Kiesselbach's area

Question 27

Name the 3 main veins that drain the nose

Answer 27

1. Facial 2. Sphenopalatine 3. Ophthalmic

Question 28

What do olfactory nerve cells pass through to reach the olfactory bulbs

Answer 28

The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

Question 29

What do the olfactory bulbs form, and where do they travel

Answer 29

Olfactory tracts which travel to the brain for further processing

Question 30

Describe the innervation to the medial and lateral walls of the nasal cavity

Answer 30

``` Superior = CN V1 Inferior = CN V2 ```