Pelvic Walls and Floor

Question 1

What bones make up the pelvis

Answer 1

Sacrum (x1)

Innominate or hip bone (x2)

Question 2

What is the hole in the inferior section of the pelvis called

Answer 2

Obturator foramen

Question 3

What part of the pelvis do we sit on

Answer 3

Ischial tuberosity

Question 4

Name the 3 main joints throughout the pelvis; and what type of joint are they

Answer 4

1. Lumbosacral joint (secondary cartilaginous)
2. Sacroiliac joint (synovial plane)
3. Pubic symphysis (secondary cartilaginous)

Question 5

What structures make up the anterior wall of the pelvis

Answer 5

Pubic bodies, pubic rami and pubic symphysis

Question 6

What structures make up the posterior wall of the pelvis

Answer 6

Sacrum, coccyx and piriformis

Question 7

Describe the floor of the pelvis

Answer 7

The floor is muscular and composes the pelvic diaphragm

Question 8

Name the 4 ligaments within the pelvis

Answer 8

1. Posterior sacroiliac (fibrous)
2. Anterior sacroiliac (synovial)
3. Sacrospinous
4. Sacrotubercle

Question 9

Name the common pelvic outlets in males and females

Answer 9

Male = Android
Female = Gynecoid

Question 10

Where does the iliacus muscle travel from and to

Answer 10

Iliac fossa, joins the psoas muscle (forming the iliopsoas) and inserts into the lesser trochanter of the femur

Question 11

What nerve innervates the iliacus muscle

Answer 11

Femoral

Question 12

What is the function of the iliacus muscle

Answer 12

Hip flexion

Question 13

Where does the psoas muscle travel from and to

Answer 13

T12-L4 bodies and IV discs (superficial) and L1-L5 (deep), joins the iliacus (forming the iliopsoas) and inserts into the lesser trochanter of the femur

Question 14

What is the function of the psoas muscle

Answer 14

Hip flexion, bend trunk laterally (one) and raise trunk from supine position (both)

Question 15

What is the root value of the psoas muscle

Answer 15

Lumbar plexus direct branches L2-L4 anterior rami

Question 16

Where does the obturator externus muscle pass from and to

Answer 16

Outer surface of the obturator membrane to the trochanteric fossa of femur

Question 17

Where does the obturator internus muscle pass from and to

Answer 17

Inner surface of the obturator membrane to medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

Question 18

What is the function of the obturator internus

Answer 18

Lateral rotation of the hip

Question 19

What is the innervation of the obturator internus

Answer 19

Nerve to obturator internus direct from sacral plexus (L5, S1)

Question 20

Where does the piriformis muscle pass from and to

Answer 20

Pelvic surface of the sacrum to the greater trochanter of the femur

Question 21

What is the function of the piriformis

Answer 21

Lateral rotation of the hip joint

Question 22

What nerve innervates the piriformis

Answer 22

Nerve to piriformis (S1, S2)

Question 23

What structures pass through the obturator foramen

Answer 23

1. Obturator artery
2. Obturator vein
3. Obturator nerve

Question 24

What does the pelvic diaphragm prevent

Answer 24

It prevents any prolapse of structures within the pelvic cavity

Question 25

What muscles form the pelvic diaphragm

Answer 25

1. Levator ani (iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, puborectalis)

2. Coccygeus

Question 26

Where does the coccygeus muscle pass from and to

Answer 26

Ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament to the coccyx and inferior sacrum

Question 27

What is the function of the coccyeus

Answer 27

Supports the pelvic viscera and flexes the coccyx

Question 28

What is the root value of the coccygeus muscle

Answer 28

S4, S5

Question 29

What are the 3 different subdivisions of pubococcygeus

Answer 29

1. Puborectalis (both sexes)
2. Levator prostatae (males)
3. Pubovaginalis (females)

Question 30

What happens to levator ani during urination and defecation

Answer 30

It relaxes

Question 31

Where do the most medial fibres of pubococcygeus insert into

Answer 31

The perineal body

Question 32

What muscle fibres does the puborectalis muscle mix with

Answer 32

The external anal sphincter

Question 33

What nerves innervate the puborectalis muscle

Answer 33

Pudendal nerve (S2-S4) and nerve to levator ani (S4)

Question 34

Where does the iliococcygeus muscle attach to

Answer 34

Attaches to the fascia of obturator internus

Question 35

What nerves innervate the iliococcygeus muscle

Answer 35

Pudendal nerve (S2-S4) and nerve to levator ani (S4)

Question 36

What is the perineal body

Answer 36

Fibrous connective tissue located between the vagina/bulb of the penis, and the anus

Question 37

What muscles attach to the perineal body

Answer 37

1. Levator prostatae (males)
2. Pubovaginalis (females)
3. External anal sphincter
4. Perineal muscles

Question 38

What is the parietal pelvic fascia

Answer 38

Fascia that covers the internal wall and is thickened over the obturator internus to form the tendinous arch of the pelvis

Question 39

What is the visceral pelvic fascia

Answer 39

Fascia that covers the organs

Question 40

Where does the parietal and visceral pelvic fascia combine

Answer 40

They blend together as organs pierce the pelvic floor

Question 41

What does endopelvic fascia acts as

Answer 41

It acts as a packing material around the organs

Question 42

What are the two types of endopelvic fascia

Answer 42

1. Loose

2. Condensed