Plantar Surface of Foot Flashcards
Name the tarsal bones
- Talus
- Calcaneus
- Navicular
- Cuboid
- Medial, intermediate and lateral cuneiforms
What bones form the hindfoot
Calcaneus and talus
What bones form the midfoot
Cuboid, navicular and the cuneiforms
Where does the plantar aponeurosis extend from and to
The calcaneus distally to the fibrous digital sheaths (splits into 5)
Anatomically, how many layers are there in the plantar surface of the foot
4
How many muscles are associated with the plantar surface of the foot
14
Name the muscles of the first layer
- Abductor hallucis
- Flexor digitorum brevis
- Abductor digiti minimi
Where does the abductor hallucis extend from and to
Medial tubercle of calcaneus and the flexor retinaculum to the medial base of the proximal phalynx
Where does the flexor digitorum brevis extend from and to
Medial tubercle of the calcaneus to the middle phalanges of the lateral 4 toes
Where does the abductor digiti minimi extend from and to
Medial and lateral tubercles of the calcaneus to the lateral base of proximal phalynx
Name the muscles of the second layer
- Lumbricals (x4)
2. Quadratus plantae
What flexor tendons are located within the second layer
Flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallcuis longus
Where do the lumbrical muscles extend from and to
The tendons of FDL to the medial side of the dorsal tendon expansion
Where does the quadratus plantae extend from and to
The medial and lateral surfaces of the calcaneus to the lateral side of the FDL tendon
Name the muscles of the third layer
- Flexor hallucis brevis
- Adductor hallucis
- Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Where does the flexor hallucis brevis extend from and to
The cuboid and lateral cuneiform to both sides of the base of the proximal phalynx of the hallux
Describe the different attachment sides of the heads of the adductor hallucis
Transverse head = plantar ligament of the MTP joints
Oblique head = Base of metatarsals 2-4
What is the distal attachment of the adductor hallucis
Lateral side of the base of the proximal phalynx of the hallux
Where does the flexor digiti minimi brevis extend from and to
Base of the 5th metatarsal to the base of the proximal phalynx of the 5th digit
How many plantar interossei muscles are there in each foot
3
How many dorsal interossei muscles are there in each foot
4
Where do the plantar interossei muscles extend from and to
Bases and medial side of metatarsals 3-5 to the medial side of the proximal phalynx of digits 3-5
What is the proximal attachment of the dorsal interossei muscles
Adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5
Describe the distal attachments of the dorsal interossei muscles
1st = medial side of the proximal phalynx of the 2nd digit 2nd-4th = lateral side of the proximal phalynx of digits 2-4
