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Gross Anatomy 2 > Anterior and Medial Thigh > Flashcards

Anterior and Medial Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Describe what movements the different compartments of the thigh complete

A 
Anterior = Flex hip; extend knee
Medial = Adduct hip
Posterior = Extend hip; flex knee
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2
Q

Where does the head of the femur sit in the hip

A

Within the acetabulum of the hip joint

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3
Q

What is the midline ridge of bone on the posterior compartment of the femur called

A

Linea aspera

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4
Q

What does the linea aspera split into

A

The two supracondylar lines

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5
Q

What do the medial and lateral condyles of the femur form anteriorly

A

An anterior articular surface for the patella called the patellar surface

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6
Q

Name the 4 hip flexors located on the anterior thigh

A
  1. Iliacus
  2. Psoas major
  3. Pectineus
  4. Sartorius
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7
Q

What group of muscles act to extend the knee

A

The quadriceps

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8
Q

Name the 4 quadricep muscles

A
  1. Rectus femoris
  2. Vastus medialis
  3. Vastus lateralis
  4. Vastus intermedius
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9
Q

Describe the attachments sites of the iliacus muscle

A

Iliac crest, fossa, sacrum, anterior sacroiliac ligament –> psoas tendon and lesser trochanter of the femur

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10
Q

What nerve innervates the iliacus muscle

A

Femoral nerve (L2, 3)

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11
Q

Describe the attachments sites of the psoas muscle

A

T12-L5, IV discs, lumbar transverse processes –> lesser trochanter of the femur

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12
Q

What is the innervation of the psoas muscle

A

Anterior rami of L1-3

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13
Q

Describe the attachments sites of the pectineus muscle

A

Superior ramus of the pubis bone –> pectineal line of the femur

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14
Q

What is the innervation of the pectineus muscle

A

Femoral nerve (L2, 3)

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15
Q

What are the actions of the pectineus muscle

A
  1. Adduct and flex hip

3. Assists with medial rotation of the lower limb

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16
Q

Describe the attachment sites of the sartorius muscle

A

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) –> superior part of the medial surface of the tibia

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17
Q

What nerve innervates the sartorius muscle

A

Femoral nerve (L2, 3)

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18
Q

What are the actions of the sartorius muscle

A
  1. Flex, abduct and laterally rotate hip

2. Flex knee

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19
Q

Describe the proximal attachment of the rectus femoris muscle

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) and the ilium above the acetabulum

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20
Q

Describe the proximal attachment of the vastus lateralis muscle

A

Greater trochanter of the femur and the lateral edge of the linea aspera

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21
Q

Describe the proximal attachment of the vastus medialis muscle

A

Intertrochanteric line and the medial edge of the linea aspera

22
Q

Describe the proximal attachment of the vastus intermedius muscle

A

Anterior and lateral shaft of the femur

23
Q

Describe the distal attachment of the quadricep muscles

A

The quadricep tendon proximal to the knee; passes over the knee; continues as the patellar ligament to the tibial tuberosity

24
Q

What is the function of the quadricep muscles

A
  1. Extend the knee

2. Rectus femoris also flexes the hip

25
Q

What nerve innervates the quadricep muscles

A

Femoral nerve (L2, 3, 4)

26
Q

Describe the pathway of the femoral nerve

A

Passes deep to the inguinal ligament, medial to the ASIS, on the tendon of the iliopsoas muscle

27
Q

Name the terminal cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve, and where does it pass to

A

Saphenous nerve to the anteromedial knee, leg and foot

28
Q

Describe the pathway of the femoral nerve branches

A
  1. Muscular branches to the anterior thigh
  2. Articular branches to the hip and knee
  3. Cutaneous branches to the anteromedial thigh
29
Q

How many hip adductor muscles are there

A

5

30
Q

Name the 5 hip adductor muscles

A
  1. Gracilis
  2. Adductor longus
  3. Adductor brevis
  4. Adductor magnus
  5. Obturator externus
31
Q

Describe the attachment sites of the gracilis muscle

A

Body and inferior ramus of the pubis bone –> superior medial surface of the tibia

32
Q

What is the function of the gracilis muscle

A
  1. Adducts hip

2. Flexes knee

33
Q

Describe the attachment sites of the adductor longus muscle

A

Body of the pubis bone –> middle 1/3 of the linea aspera

34
Q

What is the function of the adductor longus muscle

A

Adducts the thigh

35
Q

Describe the attachment sites of the adductor brevis muscle

A

Body and inferior ramus of the pubis bone –> pectineal line and proximal linea aspera

36
Q

What is the function of the adductor brevis muscle

A
  1. Adducts thigh

2. May assist with flexion of the thigh

37
Q

Describe the attachment sites of the adductor magnus muscle

A

Ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity –> linea aspera, medial supracondylar line and the adductor tubercle

38
Q

What is the function of the adductor magnus muscle

A
  1. Adducts thigh
  2. Adductor section flexes the thigh
  3. Hamstring part extends the thigh
39
Q

Describe the attachment sites of the obturator externus muscle

A

Margins of the obturator foramen and the obturator membrane –> trochanteric fossa

40
Q

What is the function of the obturator externus muscle

A

It laterally rotates, and adducts, the thigh

41
Q

What branches does the obturator nerve divide into, and where

A

Anterior and posterior branches; relative to the adductor brevis muscle

42
Q

Name the boundaries of the adductor canal

A
  1. Sartorius muscle
  2. Vastus medialis muscle
  3. Adductor longus muscle
43
Q

What structures pass through the adductor canal

A
  1. Femoral vessels

2. Saphenous nerve

44
Q

What muscles does the saphenous nerve pass between to supply cutaneous innervation

A

Sartorius and gracilis muscles

45
Q

Why do the femoral vessels pass through the adductor canal

A

To pass through the adductor hiatus where they reach the popliteal fossa

46
Q

What section of the thigh does the femoral artery supply

A

Anterior and anteromedial

47
Q

What muscle does the profunda femoris artery pass deep to

A

The adductor longus and has branches that perforate through the adductor magnus

48
Q

Name the 2 main branches of the profunda femoris artery

A
  1. Medial circumflex femoral artery

2. Lateral circumflex femoral artery

49
Q

What anastomosis do the main branches of the profunda femoris artery (and 2 other arteries) create

A

The cruciate anastomosis

50
Q

Name the 4 arteries that help to form the cruciate anastomosis

A
  1. Medial circumflex femoral artery
  2. Lateral circumflex femoral artery
  3. Inferior gluteal artery
  4. 1st perforating branch of the profunda femoris artery
51
Q

What branches arise from the obturator artery, and what do they supply

A

Anterior branch = muscles of medial compartment

Posterior branch = muscles attached to the ischial tuberosity

Gross Anatomy 2 (28 decks)

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