Anterior and Medial Thigh Flashcards
Describe what movements the different compartments of the thigh complete
Anterior = Flex hip; extend knee Medial = Adduct hip Posterior = Extend hip; flex knee
Where does the head of the femur sit in the hip
Within the acetabulum of the hip joint
What is the midline ridge of bone on the posterior compartment of the femur called
Linea aspera
What does the linea aspera split into
The two supracondylar lines
What do the medial and lateral condyles of the femur form anteriorly
An anterior articular surface for the patella called the patellar surface
Name the 4 hip flexors located on the anterior thigh
- Iliacus
- Psoas major
- Pectineus
- Sartorius
What group of muscles act to extend the knee
The quadriceps
Name the 4 quadricep muscles
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus medialis
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus intermedius
Describe the attachments sites of the iliacus muscle
Iliac crest, fossa, sacrum, anterior sacroiliac ligament –> psoas tendon and lesser trochanter of the femur
What nerve innervates the iliacus muscle
Femoral nerve (L2, 3)
Describe the attachments sites of the psoas muscle
T12-L5, IV discs, lumbar transverse processes –> lesser trochanter of the femur
What is the innervation of the psoas muscle
Anterior rami of L1-3
Describe the attachments sites of the pectineus muscle
Superior ramus of the pubis bone –> pectineal line of the femur
What is the innervation of the pectineus muscle
Femoral nerve (L2, 3)
What are the actions of the pectineus muscle
- Adduct and flex hip
3. Assists with medial rotation of the lower limb
Describe the attachment sites of the sartorius muscle
Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) –> superior part of the medial surface of the tibia
What nerve innervates the sartorius muscle
Femoral nerve (L2, 3)
What are the actions of the sartorius muscle
- Flex, abduct and laterally rotate hip
2. Flex knee
Describe the proximal attachment of the rectus femoris muscle
Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) and the ilium above the acetabulum
Describe the proximal attachment of the vastus lateralis muscle
Greater trochanter of the femur and the lateral edge of the linea aspera
Describe the proximal attachment of the vastus medialis muscle
Intertrochanteric line and the medial edge of the linea aspera
Describe the proximal attachment of the vastus intermedius muscle
Anterior and lateral shaft of the femur
Describe the distal attachment of the quadricep muscles
The quadricep tendon proximal to the knee; passes over the knee; continues as the patellar ligament to the tibial tuberosity
What is the function of the quadricep muscles
- Extend the knee
2. Rectus femoris also flexes the hip
What nerve innervates the quadricep muscles
Femoral nerve (L2, 3, 4)
Describe the pathway of the femoral nerve
Passes deep to the inguinal ligament, medial to the ASIS, on the tendon of the iliopsoas muscle
Name the terminal cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve, and where does it pass to
Saphenous nerve to the anteromedial knee, leg and foot
Describe the pathway of the femoral nerve branches
- Muscular branches to the anterior thigh
- Articular branches to the hip and knee
- Cutaneous branches to the anteromedial thigh
How many hip adductor muscles are there
5
Name the 5 hip adductor muscles
- Gracilis
- Adductor longus
- Adductor brevis
- Adductor magnus
- Obturator externus
Describe the attachment sites of the gracilis muscle
Body and inferior ramus of the pubis bone –> superior medial surface of the tibia
What is the function of the gracilis muscle
- Adducts hip
2. Flexes knee
Describe the attachment sites of the adductor longus muscle
Body of the pubis bone –> middle 1/3 of the linea aspera
What is the function of the adductor longus muscle
Adducts the thigh
Describe the attachment sites of the adductor brevis muscle
Body and inferior ramus of the pubis bone –> pectineal line and proximal linea aspera
What is the function of the adductor brevis muscle
- Adducts thigh
2. May assist with flexion of the thigh
Describe the attachment sites of the adductor magnus muscle
Ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity –> linea aspera, medial supracondylar line and the adductor tubercle
What is the function of the adductor magnus muscle
- Adducts thigh
- Adductor section flexes the thigh
- Hamstring part extends the thigh
Describe the attachment sites of the obturator externus muscle
Margins of the obturator foramen and the obturator membrane –> trochanteric fossa
What is the function of the obturator externus muscle
It laterally rotates, and adducts, the thigh
What branches does the obturator nerve divide into, and where
Anterior and posterior branches; relative to the adductor brevis muscle
Name the boundaries of the adductor canal
- Sartorius muscle
- Vastus medialis muscle
- Adductor longus muscle
What structures pass through the adductor canal
- Femoral vessels
2. Saphenous nerve
What muscles does the saphenous nerve pass between to supply cutaneous innervation
Sartorius and gracilis muscles
Why do the femoral vessels pass through the adductor canal
To pass through the adductor hiatus where they reach the popliteal fossa
What section of the thigh does the femoral artery supply
Anterior and anteromedial
What muscle does the profunda femoris artery pass deep to
The adductor longus and has branches that perforate through the adductor magnus
Name the 2 main branches of the profunda femoris artery
- Medial circumflex femoral artery
2. Lateral circumflex femoral artery
What anastomosis do the main branches of the profunda femoris artery (and 2 other arteries) create
The cruciate anastomosis
Name the 4 arteries that help to form the cruciate anastomosis
- Medial circumflex femoral artery
- Lateral circumflex femoral artery
- Inferior gluteal artery
- 1st perforating branch of the profunda femoris artery
What branches arise from the obturator artery, and what do they supply
Anterior branch = muscles of medial compartment
Posterior branch = muscles attached to the ischial tuberosity
