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MCQ 1.2 > Tongue And Gustation > Flashcards

Tongue And Gustation Flashcards

1
Q

What do extrinsic muscles of the tongue do

A

Extend outside of the organ to anchor it to bony structures

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2
Q

What do intrinsic muscles of the tongue do

A

Contribute to altering the shape of them

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3
Q

What are 4 intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical

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4
Q

What are 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus

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5
Q

What are intrinsic muscles responsible for

A

Adjusting the shape and orientation of the tongue

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6
Q

What is the origin of the superior longitudinal muscle

A

Submucosa of posterior tongue, lingual septum

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7
Q

What is the insertion of the superior longitudinal muscle

A

Apex/anterolateral margins of tongue

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8
Q

What is the action of the superior longitudinal muscle

A

Retracts and broadens tongue, elevates apex of tongue

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9
Q

What is the origin of the inferior longitudinal muscle

A

Root of tongue, body of hyoid bone

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10
Q

What is the insertion of the inferior longitudinal muscle

A

Apex of tongue

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11
Q

What is the action of the inferior longitudinal muscle

A

Retracts and broadens tongue, lowers apex of tongue

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12
Q

What is the origin of the transverse muscle

A

Lingual septum

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13
Q

What is the insertion of the transverse muscle

A

Lateral margin of tongue

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14
Q

What is the action of the transverse muscle

A

Narrows and elongates tongue

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15
Q

What are all the intrinsic muscles innervate by

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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16
Q

What are all the intrinsic muscles blood supply

A

Lingual branch of external carotid artery

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17
Q

What is the origin of the vertical muscle

A

Root of tongue, genioglossus muscle

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18
Q

What is the insertion of the vertical muscle

A

Lingual aponeurosis

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19
Q

What is the action of the vertical muscle

A

Broadens and elongates tongue

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20
Q

What do the extrinsic muscles do

A

Control the movement of the tongue within and out of the oral cavity

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21
Q

What is the innervation of the genloglossus, hyoglossus and styloglossus

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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22
Q

What is the blood supply for the genioglossus, hyoglossus and styloglossus

A

Sublingual branch of lingual artery

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23
Q

What is the origin of the genioglossus

A

Superior mental spine of mandible

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24
Q

What is the insertion of the genioglossus

A

Entire length of dorsum of tongue, lingual aponeurosis, body of hyoid bone

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25
What is the action of the genioglossus
Depresses and protrudes tongue (bilateral contraction) deviates tongue contralaterally (unilateral contraction)
26
What is the origin of the hyoglossus
Body and greater horn of hyoid bone
27
What is the insertion of the hyoglossus
Inferior/ventral parts of lateral tongue
28
What is the action of the hyoglossus
Depresses and retracts tongue
29
What is the origin of the styloglossus
Anterolateral aspect of styloid process (of temporal bone), stylomandibular ligament
30
What is the insertion of the styloglossus
Blends with inferior longitudinal muscle (longitudinal part), blends with hyoglossus muscle (oblique part)
31
What is the action of the styloglossus
Retracts and elevates lateral aspects of tongue
32
What is the origin of the palatoglossus
Palatine aponeurosis of soft palate
33
What is the insertion of the palatoglossus
Lateral margins of tongue, blends with intrinsic muscle of tongue
34
What is the innervation of the palatoglossus
Vagus nerve via branches of pharyngeal plexus
35
What is the blood supply of the palatoglossus
Ascending palatine branch of facial artery, ascending pharyngeal artery
36
What is the action of the palatoglossus
Elevates root of tongue, constricts isthmus of fauces
37
What are the 3 types of fibres the tongue consists of
Motor fibres Special sensory fibres for taste General sensory fibres for sensation
38
Which nerve supplies the tongues anterior 2/3 general sensation
Trigeminal nerve Lingual nerve from a branch of the mandibular nerve
39
What supplies the taste of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
Facial nerve
40
Which nerve supplies the 1/3 of tongues touch and taste
Glossopharyngeal nerve
41
What does the vagus nerve supply for the tongue
Via its superior laryngeal branch provides both general and special sensory innervation to the part of the tongue directly in front of the epiglottis
42
What does the lingual vein do
For drainage - tongue
43
What does the tonsillar artery do
Provides some collateral circulation
44
Where does the tonsillar artery come from
The facial artery
45
What does the lingual artery do
Provide the majority of blood supply to the tongue it is a branch of the external carotid
46
What is the lymphatic drainage of posterior 1/3 of tongue
Directly into the deep cervical lymph nodes (jugulo omphyoid nodes)
47
Where is the lymphatic drainage for the tip of tongue
Drains to the submental nodes
48
Where is the lymphatic drainage for the lateral halves of the anterior 2/3
To submandibular lymph nodes initially into the submental and submandibular nodes which empty into the deep cervical lymph nodes
49
What happens at the infratemporal fossa
The facial and lingual nerves join the chorda tympani a branch of the facial nerve
50
What is gustation
Sensations produced when substances dissolved in saliva stimulate taste receptors on the tongue
51
Where are filiform papillae
Scattered all over the anterior two thirds of the dorsal surface of the tongue in lines parallel to the terminal sulcus
52
Where are fungiform papillae
All over the dorsal surface of the tongue but mainly concentrated at the tip and margins of the tongue
53
Where are the foliate papillae
At the edges of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
54
Where are the circumvallate papillae
Anterior to the terminal sulcus of the tongue characteristically aligned in a v shape
55
List 5 areas where taste buds can be found
On the dorsal surface of the tongue Soft palate Pharynx Larynx Epiglottis
56
Approximately how many taste buds are there
8,000 - 10,000
57
What are the 5 types of taste category
Sweet Salty Bitter Sour Umami - savoury
58
How does taste get registered to our brain
From the receptor cells - microvilli extend upward making contact with the substances dissolving in saliva Then responses are propagated down the receptor cell via nerve fibres in the tongue to the brain
59
What does the parietal cortex detect
Taste
60
What does the limbic system detect
The effective quality of the dissolving substances
61
What are the 3 types of cells found within taste buds
Neuroepithelial (receptor) cells Supporting cells Basal cells
62
What are basal cells in relation to the tongue
Line the basal lamina of the taste bud They are short stem cells for the neuroepithelial and basal cells
63
What are the supporting cells in relation to the tongue
Extend from basal lamina to the taste pore Provide mechanical support to the taste bud and neuroepithelial cells
64
What are neuroepithelial (receptor) cells in relation to the tongue
Sensory cells which extend from the basal lamina to the the taste pore Microvilli project into the pore and detect chemical stimuli form food Synapse with the facial, glossopharyngeal or vagus nerve to send taste information to the CNS
65
What does the insula primary gustatory cortex do
Taste identification and intensity If damaged can lead to inability to identify taste
66
What does the sensory cortex do
Texture, temperature, aspects of flavour
67
What does the orbitofrontal cortex do
Secondary gustatory cortex Reward value of taste experience Affected by recent past food intake
68
What specific part of the limbic system registers the quality of the dissolving substances
Hypothalamus amygdala
69
How long does it take for taste qualities to be extracted
0.2 seconds
70
How long after initial chewing does info about palatability happen
1 second

MCQ 1.2 (34 decks)

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