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MCQ 1.2 > Tongue And Gustation > Flashcards

Tongue And Gustation Flashcards

1
Q

What do extrinsic muscles of the tongue do

A

Extend outside of the organ to anchor it to bony structures

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2
Q

What do intrinsic muscles of the tongue do

A

Contribute to altering the shape of them

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3
Q

What are 4 intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical

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4
Q

What are 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus

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5
Q

What are intrinsic muscles responsible for

A

Adjusting the shape and orientation of the tongue

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6
Q

What is the origin of the superior longitudinal muscle

A

Submucosa of posterior tongue, lingual septum

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7
Q

What is the insertion of the superior longitudinal muscle

A

Apex/anterolateral margins of tongue

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8
Q

What is the action of the superior longitudinal muscle

A

Retracts and broadens tongue, elevates apex of tongue

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9
Q

What is the origin of the inferior longitudinal muscle

A

Root of tongue, body of hyoid bone

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10
Q

What is the insertion of the inferior longitudinal muscle

A

Apex of tongue

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11
Q

What is the action of the inferior longitudinal muscle

A

Retracts and broadens tongue, lowers apex of tongue

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12
Q

What is the origin of the transverse muscle

A

Lingual septum

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13
Q

What is the insertion of the transverse muscle

A

Lateral margin of tongue

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14
Q

What is the action of the transverse muscle

A

Narrows and elongates tongue

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15
Q

What are all the intrinsic muscles innervate by

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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16
Q

What are all the intrinsic muscles blood supply

A

Lingual branch of external carotid artery

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17
Q

What is the origin of the vertical muscle

A

Root of tongue, genioglossus muscle

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18
Q

What is the insertion of the vertical muscle

A

Lingual aponeurosis

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19
Q

What is the action of the vertical muscle

A

Broadens and elongates tongue

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20
Q

What do the extrinsic muscles do

A

Control the movement of the tongue within and out of the oral cavity

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21
Q

What is the innervation of the genloglossus, hyoglossus and styloglossus

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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22
Q

What is the blood supply for the genloglossus, hyoglossus and styloglossus

A

Sublingual branch of lingual artery

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23
Q

What is the origin of the genloglossus

A

Superior mental spine of mandible

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24
Q

What is the insertion of the genloglossus

A

Entire length of dorsum of tongue, lingual aponeurosis, body of hyoid bone

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25
Q

What is the action of the genloglossus

A

Depresses and protrudes tongue (bilateral contraction) deviates tongue contralaterally (unilateral contraction)

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26
Q

What is the origin of the hyoglossus

A

Body and greater horn of hyoid bone

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27
Q

What is the insertion of the hyoglossus

A

Inferior/ventral parts of lateral tongue

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28
Q

What is the action of the hyoglossus

A

Depresses and retracts tongue

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29
Q

What is the origin of the styloglossus

A

Anterolateral aspect of styloid process (of temporal bone), stylomandibular ligament

30
Q

What is the insertion of the styloglossus

A

Blends with inferior longitudinal muscle (longitudinal part), blends with hyoglossus muscle (oblique part)

31
Q

What is the action of the styloglossus

A

Retracts and elevates lateral aspects of tongue

32
Q

What is the origin of the palatoglossus

A

Palatine aponeurosis of soft palate

33
Q

What is the insertion of the palatoglossus

A

Lateral margins of tongue, blends with intrinsic muscle of tongue

34
Q

What is the innervation of the palatoglossus

A

Vagus nerve via branches of pharyngeal plexus

35
Q

What is the blood supply of the palatoglossus

A

Ascending palatine branch of facial artery, ascending pharyngeal artery

36
Q

What is the action of the palatoglossus

A

Elevates root of tongue, constricts isthmus of fauces

37
Q

What are the 3 types of fibres the tongue consists of

A

Motor fibres
Special sensory fibres for taste
General sensory fibres for sensation

38
Q

Which nerve supplies the tongues anterior 2/3 general sensation

A

Trigeminal nerve
Lingual nerve from a branch of the mandibular nerve

39
Q

What supplies the taste of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

Facial nerve

40
Q

Which nerve supplies the 1/3 of tongues touch and taste

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

41
Q

What does the vagus nerve supply for the tongue

A

Via its superior laryngeal branch provides both general and special sensory innervation to the part of the tongue directly in front of the epiglottis

42
Q

What does the lingual vein do

A

For drainage - tongue

43
Q

What does the tonsillar artery do

A

Provides some collateral circulation

44
Q

Where does the tonsillar artery come from

A

The facial artery

45
Q

What does the lingual artery do

A

Provide the majority of blood supply to the tongue it is a branch of the external carotid

46
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

Directly into the deep cervical lymph nodes (jugulo omphyoid nodes)

47
Q

Where is the lymphatic drainage for the tip of tongue

A

Drains to the submental nodes

48
Q

Where is the lymphatic drainage for the lateral halves of the anterior 2/3

A

To submandibular lymph nodes initially into the submental and submandibular nodes which empty into the deep cervical lymph nodes

49
Q

What happens at the infratemporal fossa

A

The facial and lingual nerves join the chorda tympani a branch of the facial nerve

50
Q

What is gustation

A

Sensations produced when substances dissolved in saliva stimulate taste receptors on the tongue

51
Q

Where are filiform papillae

A

Scattered all over the anterior two thirds of the dorsal surface of the tongue in lines parallel to the terminal sulcus

52
Q

Where are fungiform papillae

A

All over the dorsal surface of the tongue but mainly concentrated at the tip and margins of the tongue

53
Q

Where are the foliate papillae

A

At the edges of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

54
Q

Where are the vallate papillae

A

Anterior to the terminal sulcus of the tongue characteristically aligned in a v shape

55
Q

List 5 areas where taste buds can be found

A

On the dorsal surface of the tongue
Soft palate
Pharynx
Larynx
Epiglottis

56
Q

Approximately how many taste buds are there

A

8,000 - 10,000

57
Q

What are the 5 types of taste category

A

Sweet
Salty
Bitter
Sour
Umami - savoury

58
Q

How does taste get registered to our brain

A

From the receptor cells - microvilli extend upward making contact with the substances dissolving in saliva
Then responses are propagated down the receptor cell via nerve fibres in the tongue to the brain

59
Q

What does the parietal cortex detect

A

Taste

60
Q

What does the limbic system detect

A

The effective quality of the dissolving substances

61
Q

What are the 3 types of cells found within taste buds

A

Neuroepithelial (receptor) cells
Supporting cells
Basal cells

62
Q

What are basal cells in relation to the tongue

A

Line the basal lamina of the taste bud
They are short stem cells for the neuroepithelial and basal cells

63
Q

What are the supporting cells in relation to the tongue

A

Extend from basal lamina to the taste pore
Provide mechanical support to the taste bud and neuroepithelial cells

64
Q

What are neuroepithelial (receptor) cells in relation to the tongue

A

Sensory cells which extend from the basal lamina to the the taste pore
Microvilli project into the pore and detect chemical stimuli form food
Synapse with the facial, glossopharyngeal or vagus nerve to send taste information to the CNS

65
Q

What does the insula primary gustatory cortex do

A

Taste identification and intensity
If damaged can lead to inability to identify taste

66
Q

What does the sensory cortex do

A

Texture, temperature, aspects of flavour

67
Q

What does the orbitofrontal cortex do

A

Secondary gustatory cortex
Reward value of taste experience
Affected by recent past food intake

68
Q

What specific part of the limbic system registers the quality of the dissolving substances

A

Hypothalamus amygdala

69
Q

How long does it take for taste qualities to be extracted

A

0.2 seconds

70
Q

How long after initial chewing does info about palatability happen

A

1 second

MCQ 1.2 (34 decks)

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