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MCQ 1.2 > Anatomy Of The Neck > Flashcards

Anatomy Of The Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the neck

A

Above by lower body of the mandible
Below by upper border of the clavicle
Medially by midline of neck
Posteriorly by anterior border of the trapezius muscle

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2
Q

What vertebrae does the hyoid bone start

A

C3

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3
Q

What vertebrae does the superior border of the thyroid cartilage start

A

C4

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4
Q

What vertebrae does the bifurcation of the common carotid artery start

A

C3

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5
Q

What vertebrae does the larynx start

A

C4-C6

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6
Q

What vertebrae does the thyroid gland (isthmus) start

A

C6

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7
Q

What is the fascia

A

An internal connective tissue which forms bands or sheets that surround and support muscles, vessels and nerves in the body

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8
Q

What are the 2 main fascia’s in the neck

A

The superficial cervical fascia
The deep cervical fascia

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9
Q

What are the 4 compartments of the neck

A

Vertebral compartment
Visceral compartment
Vascular compartment x2

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10
Q

What is the vertebral compartment

A

Contains the cervical vertebrae with cartilaginous discs between each vertebral body

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11
Q

What is the visceral compartment

A

Accommodates the trachea, larynx, pharynx, thyroid and parathyroid glands

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12
Q

What is the vascular compartment

A

Is paired and consists of the two carotid sheaths found on each side of the trachea
Each carotid sheath contains the vagus nerve, common carotid artery and internal jugular vein

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13
Q

What are the 9 pieces the larynx consists of

A

Thyroid cartilage
Epiglottis
Cricoid cartilage
2 arytenoid
2 corniculate
2 cuneiform

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14
Q

What 2 hormones does the thyroid gland secrete into the blood

A

Thyroxine T4
Triiodothyronine T3

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15
Q

What is the anterior triangle of the neck

A

In front of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

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16
Q

What is the posterior triangle of the neck

A

Behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle

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17
Q

What is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

The clavicle and sternum

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18
Q

What is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

Mastoid process and the occipital bone

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19
Q

What are the 4 anterior triangles of the neck

A

Submental triangle
Submandibular triangle
Carotid triangle
Muscular triangle

20
Q

What are the 2 posterior triangles of the neck

A

Supraclavicular triangle
Occipital triangle

21
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck

A

Superiorly - inferior border of mandible
Laterally - anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
Medially - sagittal line down the midline of the neck

22
Q

What fascia cover the roof and floor of the anterior triangle of the neck

A

Investing fascia covers the roof
Visceral fascia covers the floor

23
Q

Which cranial nerves are in the anterior triangle of the neck

A

Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal

24
Q

What are the borders of the carotid triangle

A

Superior - posterior belly of digastric muscle
Lateral - medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Inferior - superior belly of the omohyoid muscle

25
Q

What are the main contents of the carotid triangle

A

Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Hypoglossal nerve
Vagus nerve

26
Q

What are the boundaries of the submental triangle

A

Inferiorly - hyoid bone
Medially - midline of the neck
Laterally - anterior belly of digastric

27
Q

What does the submental triangle contain

A

Submental lymph nodes which filter lymph draining from floor of mouth and parts of the tongue
Is formed by mylohyoid muscle which runs from the mandible to hyoid bone

28
Q

What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle

A

Superiorly - body of mandible
Anteriorly - anterior belly of digastric muscle
Posteriorly - posterior belly of digastric muscle

29
Q

What is the contents of the submandibular triangle

A

Submandibular gland and lymph nodes
Facial artery and vein also pass through

30
Q

What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle

A

Superiorly - hyoid bone
Medially - imaginary midline of the neck
Supero laterally - superior belly of omohyoid muscle
Infero laterally - inferior portion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

31
Q

What is the constituents of the muscular triangle

A

Infrahyoid muscles
Pharynx
Thyroid
Parathyroid glands

32
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck

A

Anterior - posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
Posterior - anterior border of the trapezius muscle
Inferior - middle 1/3 of the clavicle

33
Q

What is the posterior triangle of the neck fascia

A

Covered by investing layer of fascia
Floor is formed by prevertebral fascia

34
Q

Which triangle of the neck is the omohyoid muscle located

A

Posterior triangle

35
Q

What are the 4 main muscles in the posterior triangle of the neck

A

Omohyoid
Splenius capitis
Levator scapulae
Anterior , middle and posterior scalenes

36
Q

How does the omohyoid muscle present/travel

A

Spilt into two bellies by a tendon
Inferior belly crosses the posterior triangle travelling and splitting the triangle into two
It then crosses underneath the SCM to enter the anterior triangle of the neck

37
Q

How does the external jugular vein travel

A

Formed by the retromandibular and posterior Auricular veins it lies superficially entering the posterior triangle after crossing the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Within the posterior triangle it pierces the investing layer of fascia and empties into the subclavian vein

38
Q

What are the contents of the occipital triangle

A

Inferior belly of omohyoid
Trapezius muscle
Sternocleidomastoid muscle

39
Q

What are the 3 contents of the subclavian triangle (omoclavicular or supraclavicular)

A

Inferior belly of omohyoid
Clavicle
Sternocleidomastoid muscle

40
Q

What are the 5 key components of the occipital triangle

A

Spinal part of the accessory nerve
Nerve to rhomboidus
Four cutaneous branches of cervical plexus
Upper trunk of brachial plexus
Occipital artery

41
Q

What are the 6 key components of the subclavian triangle

A

Third part of subclavian artery
External jugular vein
Trunks of brachial plexus
Superficial cervical artery
Suprascapular artery
Supraclavicular lymph node

42
Q

What are the 3 main nerves in the posterior triangle

A

Branches of cervical plexus
Spinal part of accessory nerve
Brachial plexus

43
Q

What is the route of the accessory nerve

A

Exits cranial cavity - down neck - innervates sternocleidomastoid and enters posterior triangle
Crosses posterior triangle within the investing layer of fascia
Lies superficial leaving it vulnerable to injury

44
Q

What innervates the diaphragm

A

The cervical plexus forms within the muscles of the flood of the posterior triangle
Major branch phrenic nerve arises from the anterior divisions of spinal nerves C3-C5 descends down the neck within the prevertebral fascia to innervate diaphragm

45
Q

What do other branches of the cervical plexus innervate

A

The vertebral muscles and provide cutaneous innervation to parts of the neck and scalp

46
Q

Where do the trunks of the brachial plexus lie

A

Across the floor of the posterior triangle

MCQ 1.2 (34 decks)

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