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MCQ 1.2 > The Ear > Flashcards

The Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What is the external acoustic meatus

A

A sigmoid shaped tube that extends from the deep part of the concha to the tympanic membrane

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2
Q

What are the external 1/3 of the ear formed by

A

Cartilage

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3
Q

What is the inner 2/3 of the ear formed by

A

The temporal bone

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4
Q

What is the middle ear filled with

A

Air

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5
Q

Where does the tympanic membrane lie

A

At the distal end of the external acoustic meatus

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6
Q

What is the tympanic membrane

A

Connective tissue structure covered with skin on the outside and a mucous membrane on the inside
The membrane is connected to the surrounding temporal bone by a Fibrocartilaginous ring

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7
Q

Is the tympanic membrane translucent

A

Yes

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8
Q

What do compression waves in the air (sound waves) cause in the ear

A

The tympanic membrane to vibrate which is amplified and transmitted by the ossicles to the oval window

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9
Q

What are the 3 ossicles

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

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10
Q

What happens once a vibrations has reached the oval window

A

They are converted into waves in the perilymph fluid of the inner ear

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11
Q

What is the innervation of the stapedius

A

A branch of the facial nerve (nerve to stapedius)

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12
Q

What does the tensor tympani in the ear do

A

Pulls the manubrium of the malleus medially tensing the tympanic membrane and dampening movement in response to loud noises

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13
Q

What is the innervation of the tensor tympani in the ear

A

By a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

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14
Q

What type of epithelium is the pharyngotympanic tube

A

Ciliated columnar epithelium

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15
Q

What 3 parts of the ear are housed in the temporal bone

A

Cochlea
Vestibule
Semicircular canals

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16
Q

What are the 3 parts of the bony labyrinth

A

Vestibule
Cochlea
Semilunar canals

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17
Q

What is the endolymph

A

Clear potassium rich fluid filling the membranous labyrinth

18
Q

What is the membranous labyrinth

A

Utricle and saccule inside the vestibule, cochlear duct and membranous semicircular ducts

19
Q

What is the perilymph

A

Surrounds the membranous labyrinth filling the space between the membranous tunnel and its contents and the bony walls that surround it

20
Q

What is the modiolus

A

Cone shaped core of bone that houses the spiral ganglion which consists of cell bodies of the first sensory neurons in the auditory relay

21
Q

What does the cochlear duct contain

A

Endolymph

22
Q

What is the upper section of the cochlea called

A

The scala vestibuli

23
Q

What is the lower section of the cochlea called

A

Scala tympani

24
Q

Where does the cochlea divide into two sections

A

In the cochlear duct which is inside the cochlea

25
Q

What are both sections of the cochlea filled with

A

Perilymph

26
Q

What part of the basilar membrane deals with high frequency sound waves

A

They vibrate the narrow portion near the oval window

27
Q

Which part of the basilar membrane deals with low frequencies

A

The wider, thicker portion near the apex of the cochlea

28
Q

What is stimulated for hearing to occur

A

The auditory area of the cerebral cortex

29
Q

What is the pathway of sound waves

A

Enter external auditory canal
Strike tympanic membrane causing vibrations
Tympanic vibrations move the malleus which in turn moves the incus and then the stapes
The stapes moves against the oval window which begins the fluid conduction of sound waves

30
Q

What do the hair cells in the ear do

A

Move against the tectorial membrane stimulating the dendrites that terminate around the base of the hair cells and initiates impulse conduction by the cochlear nerve to the brain stem

31
Q

What do impulses for hearing pass through before reaching the temporal lobe

A

Relay station in the nuclei in the medulla, pons, midbrain and thalamus before reaching the auditory area o f the temporal lobe

32
Q

What is the vestibule

A

The central section of the bony labyrinth the utricle and saccule are the membranous structures within the vestibule

33
Q

How many semicircular canals are there found in the temporal bone

A

3

34
Q

What do each semicircular canal contain and connect with

A

Contain endolymph and connects with the utricle

35
Q

How does sense of balance occur

A

Movements of the maculae located in both the utricle and saccule provide information related to head position or acceleration

36
Q

Where are otoliths located

A

Within the matrix of the macula

37
Q

What causes the cupula to lean in the opposite direction

A

As the endolymph is not attached to the skull it does not move immediately leading to tension in the tip links causing mechanical opening or closing of ion channels leading to the influx of ions terminating in the propagation of impulses along the vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve

38
Q

How do the impulses travel

A

To the vestibular nucleus and from there to the cerebellum

39
Q

Which parts of the ear are mainly responsible for forward/backward and up/down motion detection

A

The utricle and saccule in the vestibule

40
Q

How does your ear detect motion and fix it

A

Fluid in semicircular canals shift the tiny hairs triggering activity in vestibule which are connected by sacs called saccule and utricle which also contain tiny hairs to sense movement
Therefore semicircular canals and vestibule let your brain know about the movement

41
Q

What are the 3 nerves which go to the ear

A

Facial
Vestibular nerve
Auditory nerve

MCQ 1.2 (34 decks)

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