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MCQ 1.2 > Salivary Glands And Composition > Flashcards

Salivary Glands And Composition Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 components of saliva for lubrication

A

Mucins
Proline rich glycoproteins
Water

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2
Q

What are 2 compositions of saliva for speech

A

Water
Mucins

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3
Q

What are 2 compositions of saliva for taste

A

Water
Gustin

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4
Q

What are 6 compositions of saliva for buffering bicarbonate

A

Bicarbonate
Phosphate ions
Proteins
Calcium
Phosphate
Statherin

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5
Q

What are 4 compositions of saliva for anti microbial properties

A

Amylase
Lysozyme
Lactoferrin
Secretory igA

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6
Q

What is the parotid duct also known as

A

Stensons

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7
Q

What is the submandibular duct also known as

A

Whartons

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8
Q

What is the sublingual duct also known as

A

Bartholins

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9
Q

What is the blood supply for the parotid gland

A

External carotid artery

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10
Q

What is the parasympathetic nerve supply for the parotid gland

A

Glossopharyngeal

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11
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the parotid gland

A

Superior cervical ganglion

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12
Q

Where does the submandibular duct open

A

Lateral to the lingual frenulum

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13
Q

What is the blood supply for the submandibular gland

A

Facial and lingual arteries

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14
Q

What is the parasympathetic supply for the submandibular gland

A

Facial nerve

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15
Q

What is the name of the small ducts of the sublingual gland

A

Ducts of rivinus

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16
Q

Where does the sublingual duct open

A

With the submandibular duct at the sublingual caruncle

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17
Q

What is the blood supply of the sublingual gland

A

Sublingual and submental arteries

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18
Q

What is the innervation of the sublingual gland

A

Facial nerve

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19
Q

How many minor salivary glands are there

A

600 - 1000

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20
Q

Where are the minor salivary glands NOT found

A

In the gingiva and anterior hard palate

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21
Q

What type of saliva does the parotid gland produce

A

A serous watery secretion

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22
Q

What type of saliva does the submandibular gland produce

A

A mixed serous and mucous secretion

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23
Q

What type of saliva does the sublingual gland produce

A

Predominantly mucous in character

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24
Q

What are the 2 basic types of acinar epithelial cells

A

Serous cells
Mucous cells

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25
Q

What do serous cells do

A

Secrete a watery fluid essentially devoid of mucus

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26
Q

What do mucous cells do

A

Produce a very mucus rich secretion

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27
Q

What are the 5 secretory unit components

A

Acinus
Myoepithelial cells
Intercalated duct
Striated duct
Excretory duct

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28
Q

Where are the acinus

A

At the base of the gland composed of acinar cells surrounded by Myoepithelial cells

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29
Q

What is the intercalated duct

A

The first part of the duct which serves as the conduit from the acini to the striated duct

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30
Q

What does the striated duct contain

A

Cells that are mitochondria rich and participate in Na+ and Cl- reabsorption, K+ and HCO3- secretion

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31
Q

What comes after the striated duct

A

The saliva reaches the excretory duct before exiting the gland

32
Q

How do striated ducts appear

A

Large simple columnar clear pink cells with large nuclei

33
Q

How do intercalated ducts appear

A

Narrower with smaller cytoplasm stratified cuboidal

34
Q

How do excretory ducts appear

A

Large lumen wall ratios with simple columnar epithelial linings

35
Q

What is the venous drainage for the parotid gland

A

Via the retromandibular vein

36
Q

What is the venous drainage of the submandibular gland

A

Facial vein - into the internal jugular vein
Sublingual vein - into lingual vein then internal jugular vein

37
Q

What is the venous drainage of the sublingual gland

A

Sublingual and submental veins into the lingual and facial veins then into the internal jugular vein

38
Q

What type of saliva is produced after the striated duct

A

Hypotonic fluid

39
Q

What is the primary stage of salivary secretion

A

Containing amylase and electrolytes is produced in the acinar cell

40
Q

What is the normal flow rate of unstimulated saliva

A

Above 0.1ml/min

41
Q

What is the percentage for average daily stimulated saliva production

A

80% - 90%

42
Q

What is the unstimulated flow of parotid gland

A

20% of daily salivary flow serous

43
Q

What is the unstimulated flow of submandibular gland

A

65% of daily salivary flow serous and mucinous

44
Q

What is the unstimulated flow for the sublingual glands

A

10% of daily salivary flow mucinous

45
Q

What is the unstimulated flow of minor glands

A

Up to 5% of daily salivary flow

46
Q

What is the composition of saliva

A

99% water
1% exfoliated epithelial cells, proteins, electrolytes

47
Q

What happens when there is an increase of bicarbonate in saliva

A

This increases the pH

48
Q

What is the main buffering component of saliva

A

Bicarbonate

49
Q

Why would there be a drop in pH in saliva

A

Caused by H+ from lactic acid produced by bacteria

50
Q

Where is HCO3- produced for saliva

A

Secreted in the acinus all the time and also in the striated saliva ducts when saliva is stimulated

51
Q

What does the enamel pellicle act as

A

A diffusion barrier slowing both attacks by bacterial acids and loss of dissolved calcium and phosphate ions

52
Q

What types of proteins are in the enamel pellicle

A

Proline rich proteins (PRPs)

53
Q

What 3 chemicals are present in the remineralisation process

A

Calcium
Trivalent phosphate
Hydroxyl ions

54
Q

What are the 4 main salivary proteins

A

Statherin
PRPs
Cystatins
Histatins

55
Q

Which 2 proteins come from the acinar

A

Statherin
Proline rich proteins (PRPs)

56
Q

What percentage of all proteins in saliva are PRPs

A

25-30%

57
Q

What do salivary proteins do

A

Bind free calcium
Absorb to hydroxyapatite surfaces, inhibit crystal growth and regulate hydroxyapatite crystal structure

58
Q

What are the 5 main actions of Statherin

A

Potent inhibitor of crystal growth
High affinity for hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate minerals
Maintains the appropriate mineral solution dynamics of enamel
Inhibits spontaneous precipitation of calcium phosphate salts from supersaturated saliva
Help with transport of calcium and phosphate transport during secretion of saliva

59
Q

How do inhibitors encourage mineralisation

A

By preventing crystal growth on the surface of lesion by keeping pores open

60
Q

How is saliva cleansing

A

Pushes noxious agents to the gut
Washes away bacterial aggregates
Removal of food debris
Every 3 hours surface layer of cells replaced and removed

61
Q

What is the main immunoglobulin in saliva

A

Secretory IgA

62
Q

What percentage of salivary antibodies is secretory IgA

A

90-98%

63
Q

What does secretory IgA do

A

Limit microbial adherence and agglutinates (sticks together) bacteria
Has some antiviral properties

64
Q

How much IgA is derived from GCF

A

1-10%

65
Q

What does lysozyme, lactoferrin do

A

Breaks down bacterial walls

66
Q

What is lactoferrin

A

An iron binding protein - trace amounts needed for bacteria metabolism, inhibits their growth works alongside lysozyme to help burst bacterial walls

67
Q

What do Mucins do

A

Aggregate bacterial cells unable to attach to surfaces swallowed

68
Q

What inhibits Candida albicans

A

Histatins

69
Q

What are the 3 alpha and beta defensins in saliva

A

Neutrophil
Granulocytes
Mucosal cells

70
Q

What do defensins do

A

Integrate into lipid bilayer and cause membrane leakage and rupture
Some antifungal properties possibly by binding to surface proteins

71
Q

Where are mucous glycoproteins formed

A

In acinar cells

72
Q

What does initial digestion of starch turn into

A

Salivary amylase

73
Q

Where is salivary amylase mainly secreted from

A

The parotid glands where flow increases on eating

74
Q

As saliva travels down the duct what is removed

A

The sodium chloride and bicarbonate

75
Q

What happens to saliva when we are dehydrated

A

Salivary flow decrease stimulating thirst

76
Q

How does wound healing with saliva occur

A

Salivary epidermal growth factor stimulates cell proliferation followed by differentiation and regeneration
Histatin plays a role in cell migration

77
Q

What is the medical condition for dry mouth

A

Xerostomia

MCQ 1.2 (34 decks)

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