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MCQ 1.2 > Salivary Glands And Composition > Flashcards

Salivary Glands And Composition Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 components of saliva for lubrication

A

Mucins
Proline rich glycoproteins
Water

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2
Q

What are 2 compositions of saliva for speech

A

Water
Mucins

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3
Q

What are 2 compositions of saliva for taste

A

Water
Gustin

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4
Q

What are 6 compositions of saliva for buffering bicarbonate

A

Bicarbonate
Phosphate ions
Proteins
Calcium
Phosphate
Statherin

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5
Q

What are 4 compositions of saliva for anti microbial properties

A

Amylase
Lysozyme
Lactoferrin
Secretory igA

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6
Q

What is the parotid duct also known as

A

Stensons

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7
Q

What is the submandibular duct also known as

A

Whartons

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8
Q

What is the sublingual duct also known as

A

Bartholins

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9
Q

What is the blood supply for the parotid gland

A

External carotid artery

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10
Q

What is the parasympathetic nerve supply for the parotid gland

A

Glossopharyngeal

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11
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the parotid gland

A

Superior cervical ganglion

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12
Q

Where does the submandibular duct open

A

Lateral to the lingual frenulum

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13
Q

What is the blood supply for the submandibular gland

A

Facial and lingual arteries

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14
Q

What is the parasympathetic supply for the submandibular gland

A

Facial nerve

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15
Q

What is the name of the small ducts of the sublingual gland

A

Ducts of rivinus

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16
Q

Where does the sublingual duct open

A

With the submandibular duct at the sublingual caruncle

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17
Q

What is the blood supply of the sublingual gland

A

Sublingual and submental arteries

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18
Q

What is the innervation of the sublingual gland

A

Facial nerve

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19
Q

How many minor salivary glands are there

A

600 - 1000

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20
Q

Where are the minor salivary glands NOT found

A

In the gingiva and anterior hard palate

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21
Q

What type of saliva does the parotid gland produce

A

A serous watery secretion

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22
Q

What type of saliva does the submandibular gland produce

A

A mixed serous and mucous secretion

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23
Q

What type of saliva does the sublingual gland produce

A

Predominantly mucous in character

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24
Q

What are the 2 basic types of acinar epithelial cells

A

Serous cells
Mucous cells

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25
What do serous cells do
Secrete a watery fluid essentially devoid of mucus
26
What do mucous cells do
Produce a very mucus rich secretion
27
What are the 5 secretory unit components
Acinus Myoepithelial cells Intercalated duct Striated duct Excretory duct
28
Where are the acinus
At the base of the gland composed of acinar cells surrounded by Myoepithelial cells
29
What is the intercalated duct
The first part of the duct which serves as the conduit from the acini to the striated duct
30
What does the striated duct contain
Cells that are mitochondria rich and participate in Na+ and Cl- reabsorption, K+ and HCO3- secretion
31
What comes after the striated duct
The saliva reaches the excretory duct before exiting the gland
32
How do striated ducts appear
Large simple columnar clear pink cells with large nuclei
33
How do intercalated ducts appear
Narrower with smaller cytoplasm stratified cuboidal
34
How do excretory ducts appear
Large lumen wall ratios with simple columnar epithelial linings
35
What is the venous drainage for the parotid gland
Via the retromandibular vein
36
What is the venous drainage of the submandibular gland
Facial vein - into the internal jugular vein Sublingual vein - into lingual vein then internal jugular vein
37
What is the venous drainage of the sublingual gland
Sublingual and submental veins into the lingual and facial veins then into the internal jugular vein
38
What type of saliva is produced after the striated duct
Hypotonic fluid
39
What is the primary stage of salivary secretion
Containing amylase and electrolytes is produced in the acinar cell
40
What is the normal flow rate of unstimulated saliva
Above 0.1ml/min
41
What is the percentage for average daily stimulated saliva production
80% - 90%
42
What is the unstimulated flow of parotid gland
20% of daily salivary flow serous
43
What is the unstimulated flow of submandibular gland
65% of daily salivary flow serous and mucinous
44
What is the unstimulated flow for the sublingual glands
10% of daily salivary flow mucinous
45
What is the unstimulated flow of minor glands
Up to 5% of daily salivary flow
46
What is the composition of saliva
99% water 1% exfoliated epithelial cells, proteins, electrolytes
47
What happens when there is an increase of bicarbonate in saliva
This increases the pH
48
What is the main buffering component of saliva
Bicarbonate
49
Why would there be a drop in pH in saliva
Caused by H+ from lactic acid produced by bacteria
50
Where is HCO3- produced for saliva
Secreted in the acinus all the time and also in the striated saliva ducts when saliva is stimulated
51
What does the enamel pellicle act as
A diffusion barrier slowing both attacks by bacterial acids and loss of dissolved calcium and phosphate ions
52
What types of proteins are in the enamel pellicle
Proline rich proteins (PRPs)
53
What 3 chemicals are present in the remineralisation process
Calcium Trivalent phosphate Hydroxyl ions
54
What are the 4 main salivary proteins
Statherin PRPs Cystatins Histatins
55
Which 2 proteins come from the acinar
Statherin Proline rich proteins (PRPs)
56
What percentage of all proteins in saliva are PRPs
25-30%
57
What do salivary proteins do
Bind free calcium Absorb to hydroxyapatite surfaces, inhibit crystal growth and regulate hydroxyapatite crystal structure
58
What are the 5 main actions of Statherin
Potent inhibitor of crystal growth High affinity for hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate minerals Maintains the appropriate mineral solution dynamics of enamel Inhibits spontaneous precipitation of calcium phosphate salts from supersaturated saliva Help with transport of calcium and phosphate transport during secretion of saliva
59
How do inhibitors encourage mineralisation
By preventing crystal growth on the surface of lesion by keeping pores open
60
How is saliva cleansing
Pushes noxious agents to the gut Washes away bacterial aggregates Removal of food debris Every 3 hours surface layer of cells replaced and removed
61
What is the main immunoglobulin in saliva
Secretory IgA
62
What percentage of salivary antibodies is secretory IgA
90-98%
63
What does secretory IgA do
Limit microbial adherence and agglutinates (sticks together) bacteria Has some antiviral properties
64
How much IgA is derived from GCF
1-10%
65
What does lysozyme, lactoferrin do
Breaks down bacterial walls
66
What is lactoferrin
An iron binding protein - trace amounts needed for bacteria metabolism, inhibits their growth works alongside lysozyme to help burst bacterial walls
67
What do Mucins do
Aggregate bacterial cells unable to attach to surfaces swallowed
68
What inhibits Candida albicans
Histatins
69
What are the 3 alpha and beta defensins in saliva
Neutrophil Granulocytes Mucosal cells
70
What do defensins do
Integrate into lipid bilayer and cause membrane leakage and rupture Some antifungal properties possibly by binding to surface proteins
71
Where are mucous glycoproteins formed
In acinar cells
72
What does initial digestion of starch turn into
Salivary amylase
73
Where is salivary amylase mainly secreted from
The parotid glands where flow increases on eating
74
As saliva travels down the duct what is removed
The sodium chloride and bicarbonate
75
What happens to saliva when we are dehydrated
Salivary flow decrease stimulating thirst
76
How does wound healing with saliva occur
Salivary epidermal growth factor stimulates cell proliferation followed by differentiation and regeneration Histatin plays a role in cell migration
77
What is the medical condition for dry mouth
Xerostomia

MCQ 1.2 (34 decks)

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