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MCQ 1.2 > Facial Nerve > Flashcards

Facial Nerve Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 nuclei situated in lower pons

A

Motor nucleus
Superior salivatory nucleus
Lacrimatory nucleus
Nucleus of tractus solitarius

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2
Q

Where does the facial nerve arise from

A

Junction of pons and medulla (brain stem)

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3
Q

What are the 3 branches given off the facial canal

A

Greater petrosal nerve
Nerve to stapedius
Chorda tympani

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4
Q

What does the greater petrosal nerve do

A

Parasympathetic fibres to mucous glands and lacrimal gland

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5
Q

What does the nerve to stapedius do

A

Motor fibres to stapedius muscle of middle ear

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6
Q

What does the chorda tympani do

A

Special sensory fibres to anterior 2/3 tongue and parasympathetic fibres to submandibular and sublingual glands

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7
Q

What foramen does the facial nerve exit the cranium from

A

Stylomastoid foramen

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8
Q

What is the name of the ganglion formed by the two roots fused in the cranium

A

Geniculate ganglion

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9
Q

What are the 3 branches given off once the facial nerve exits the foramen

A

Posterior Auricular nerve
Nerve to posterior belly of digastric muscle
Nerve to stylohyoid muscle

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10
Q

What does the posterior Auricular nerve do

A

Innervates intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the outer ear, occipital part of Occipitalfrontalis

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11
Q

What does the nerve to posterior belly of digastric muscle do

A

Responsible for raising hyoid bone

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12
Q

What does the nerve to stylohyoid muscle do

A

Responsible for raising hyoid bone

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13
Q

Why is the facial nerve vulnerable to trauma and inflammatory changes

A

Has the longest passage through bony canal of any nerve in body

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14
Q

On emerging from stylomastoid foramen what function does the facial nerve have

A

Entirely motor

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15
Q

What happens when the facial nerve reaches the parotid gland

A

It terminates by dividing into five terminal motor branches

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16
Q

What does the temporal branch do

A

Innervates frontalis, orbicularis oculi and Corrugator supercilii

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17
Q

What does the zygomatic branch do

A

Innervates orbicularis oculi

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18
Q

What does the buccal branch do

A

Innervates orbicularis oris, Buccinator and zygomaticus

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19
Q

What does the marginal mandibular branch do

A

Innervates depressor labii inferioris, depressor anguli oris and mentalis

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20
Q

What does the cervical branch do

A

Innervates Platysma

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21
Q

What ganglion is on the greater petrosal nerve

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion

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22
Q

What do the muscles of facial expression all develop from

A

Second pharyngeal arch

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23
Q

What are the 2 muscles in the orbital group

A

Orbicularis oculi
Corrugator supercilii

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24
Q

What are the 3 muscles in the nasal group

A

Nasalis
Procerus
Depressor septi nasi

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25
Q

What are the 3 muscles in the oral group

A

Orbicularis oris
Buccinator
Minor oral muscles - act on lips and mouth

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26
Q

What 3 muscles are in the lower group of the minor oral muscles

A

Depressor anguli oris
Depressor labii inferioris
Mentalis

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27
Q

What are the 6 muscles in the upper minor oral muscle group

A

Risorius
Zygomaticus major
Zygomaticus minor
Levator labii superioris
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
Levator anguli oris

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28
Q

What does damage to the upper motor neurons of the facial nerve result in

A

Contra lateral lower facial weakness

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29
Q

How do the facial muscles of contralateral side display

A

Axons of upper motor neurons of facial nerve cross midline of brain stem

30
Q

What is the location of the upper motor neuron lesion

A

Motor cortex, connection from motor cortex to facial nucleus in pons
Above the facial nucleus

31
Q

Which side is affected by an upper motor neuron lesion

A

Contralateral

32
Q

Which muscle are affected by an upper motor neuron lesion

A

Lower muscles of facial expression

33
Q

What is the location of a lower motor neuron lesion

A

Facial nucleus anywhere along the facial nerve below the facial nucleus

34
Q

Which side is affected by a lower motor neuron lesion

A

Ipsilateral

35
Q

Which muscles are affected by a lower motor neuron lesion

A

Upper and lower muscles of facial expression

36
Q

Which type of lesion affects the forehead

A

Lower motor neuron lesion

37
Q

What type of symptoms can occur with a lower motor neuron lesion

A

Incomplete eye closure (dry eyes, corneal ulceration), hyperacusis, loss of taste sensation to anterior tongue

38
Q

What are the 2 branches which form the facial nerve

A

The motor root of facial nerve and nervus intermedius

39
Q

What does the geniculate ganglion contain

A

Cell bodies of tase afferents

40
Q

Where is the geniculate ganglion

A

At the site of turn when the facial nerve makes a sharp posterior turn (the Genu) to run posteriorly and medially across medial wall of middle ear cavity

41
Q

In the petrous temporal bone what are the 2 preganglionic parasympathetic branches given off

A

Greater superficial petrosal nerve and chorda tympani

42
Q

Where does the greater superficial petrosal nerve arise from

A

The geniculate ganglion

43
Q

What does the greater superficial petrosal nerve pass through

A

The greater superficial petrosal foramen

44
Q

What is the parasympathetic function of the greater superficial petrosal nerve

A

Secretomotor innervation of lacrimal gland and small glands of nose and palate

45
Q

What is the special sensory function of the greater superficial petrosal nerve

A

Taste innervation of palate

46
Q

When does the chorda tympani leave the facial nerve

A

After geniculate ganglion

47
Q

What nerve does the chorda tympani join as it passes downward and forwards

A

The lingual nerve

48
Q

What is the parasympathetic function of the chorda tympani

A

Secretomotor innervation of submandibular and sublingual glands

49
Q

What is the special sensory function of the chorda tympani

A

Taste innervation of anterior 2/3 of tongue

50
Q

What are the parasympathetic synapses of the cranial ganglia of the facial nerve

A

Nicotinic and muscurinic

51
Q

What are the sympathetic synapses of the cranial ganglia in the facial nerve

A

Nicotinic and adrenergic

52
Q

What are the 4 parasympathetic ganglia

A

Ciliary
Pterygopalatine
Otic
Submandibular

53
Q

Which parasympathetic ganglia is occulomotor

A

Ciliary

54
Q

Which parasympathetic ganglia is otic

A

Glossopharyngeal

55
Q

Which parasympathetic ganglia are facial

A

Pterygopalatine
Submandibular

56
Q

What is the location of the ciliary ganglion

A

Posterior orbit

57
Q

What is the sympathetic nerve of the ciliary ganglion

A

Internal carotid plexus

58
Q

What is the sensory nerve of the ciliary ganglion

A

Opthalmic branch of trigeminal

59
Q

What is the sensory function of the ciliary

A

Autonomic feedback from eyeball

60
Q

What is the parasympathetic function of the ciliary

A

Sphincter pupillae muscle
Ciliary muscle

61
Q

What is the sympathetic function of the ciliary

A

Dilator pupillae muscle
Blood vessels of eye

62
Q

What is the sensory function of the Pterygopalatine

A

Mucosa of nasal cavity
Paranasal air sinuses
Superior pharynx
Hard and soft palates

63
Q

What is the parasympathetic function of the Pterygopalatine

A

Lacrimal grand via zygomatic nerve
Mucous glands of nasal cavity
Paranasal air sinuses
Superior pharynx
Hard and soft palates

64
Q

What is the sympathetic function of the Pterygopalatine

A

Lacrimal gland and glands and vessels of nasal cavity
Paranasal air sinuses
Superior pharynx
Hard and soft palates

65
Q

What is the sensory function of the otic

A

Autonomic feedback from parotid gland

66
Q

What is the parasympathetic function of the otic

A

Parotid gland via auriculotemporal nerve

67
Q

What is the sympathetic function of the otic

A

Parotid gland and its blood vessels

68
Q

What is the sensory function of the submandibular

A

Autonomic feedback from submandibular and sublingual glands and minor glands of floor of mouth

69
Q

What is the parasympathetic function of the submandibular

A

Submandibular and sublingual glands and minor glands of the floor of the mouth

70
Q

What is the sympathetic function of the submandibular

A

Submandibular and sublingual glands
Minor glands of floor of the mouth and glandular vessels

71
Q

What syndrome occurs due to injury of the auriculotemporal nerve

A

Frey syndrome

MCQ 1.2 (34 decks)

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