Small And Large Intestines

Question 1

What are the 3 segments the small intestine splits into

Answer 1

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 2

What is the small intestine lined with

Answer 2

Glycocalyx

Question 3

What are the 6 cells in the small intestine

Answer 3

Enterocytes
Goblet cells
Enteroendocrine cells
Paneth cells
Micro fold cells
Stem cells

Question 4

What is the function of enterocyte cells

Answer 4

Express catabolic enzymes role in absorption

Question 5

What do goblet cells do

Answer 5

Secrete mucus

Question 6

What do enteroendocrine cells do

Answer 6

Gastrointestinal hormone secretion
Secretin, pancreozymin, enterglucagon
Sensory - synapsing with afferent nerves

Question 7

What do paneth cells do

Answer 7

Synthesis of antimicrobial peptides regulates intestinal microflora

Question 8

What do microfold cells do

Answer 8

Antigen presenting cells - present antigens to peyers patches

Question 9

What do stem cells do

Answer 9

Self renew by dividing and differentiate into the specialised cells of the intestinal epithelium

Question 10

What 3 factors decrease gastric emptying

Answer 10

High fat content
Low pH
Hypertonicity (high osmolarity)

Question 11

What does bile do

Answer 11

Emulsifies fats assisting in their absorption

Question 12

What is stimulated to release bile from the gall bladder into the duodenum

Answer 12

Stimulation of cholecystokinin

Question 13

What is the pancreases endocrine function

Answer 13

Insulin and glucagon

Question 14

What is the pancreases exocrine function

Answer 14

Pancreatic juices

Question 15

What are the 4 pancreatic enzymes

Answer 15

A amylase
Lipase
Nucleases
Proteolytic enzymes e.g. proteases and peptidases

Question 16

What are plicae circulares

Answer 16

Circular folds of mucosa evident in the jejunum

Question 17

What does the ileum mainly absorb

Answer 17

Vitamin B12 and bile salts

Question 18

Where are peyers patches found

Answer 18

Within lamina propria and submucosa

Question 19

What is carboxypeptidase

Answer 19

A protease enzyme that hydrolyses (cleaves) a peptide bond specifically at the C-terminal of a protein or peptide

Question 20

What is aminopeptidase

Answer 20

Cleaves peptide bonds at the amino terminal of a protein

Question 21

What is lactose intolerance

Answer 21

Insufficient levels of lactose - enzyme which hydrolyses lactose to glucose and galactose

Question 22

What are the 5 main functions of the large intestine

Answer 22

Reabsorption of water
Reabsorption of bile salts
Absorption of vitamins produced by bacteria
Compaction of intestinal contents to produce faeces
Storage of faeces prior to defaecation

Question 23

Which intestine has a thinner wall

Answer 23

Large intestine

Question 24

What is the large intestines walls made of

Answer 24

Small sacs called Haustra which permit expansion and elongation of the colon

Question 25

What are the 3 section of the large intestine

Answer 25

Ascending
Transverse
Descending

Question 26

What is the caecum

Answer 26

Very first part of the large intestine

Question 27

What is the appendix thought to be involved in

Answer 27

Gut microbiota helping to replenish colon with microbiota if it becomes depleted during an immune reaction

Question 28

What are the 3 synthesis of vitamins by intestinal bacteria

Answer 28

Vitamin K - clotting factors
Biotin - glucose metabolism
Pantothenic acid - vitamin B5

Question 29

What does bacteria convert bilirubin to

Answer 29

Stercobilinogen - responsible for the pigmentation of faeces

Question 30

What does bacteria in the the large intestine break down

Answer 30

Peptides in faeces and generate gases - ammonia and hydrogen sulphide

Question 31

What does the anal canal contain

Answer 31

Small longitudinal folds

Question 32

What is the anus lined with

Answer 32

Keratinised squamous epithelium