Blood Supply To Head And Neck

Question 1

What are the 2 paired arteries which the head and neck derive their blood supply from

Answer 1

The common carotid artery and the subclavian artery

Question 2

What are the 2 right and left common carotid arteries bifurcate into

Answer 2

External carotid artery
Internal carotid artery

Question 3

What does the external carotid artery do

Answer 3

Gives off branches to supply the external structures of the head and face

Question 4

What does the internal carotid artery do

Answer 4

Enters the neurocranium and is one of the two main vessels that supply the brain

Question 5

What is the necks main blood supply

Answer 5

Branches of the subclavian artery

Question 6

What does the subclavian artery do

Answer 6

Gives rise to the paired vertebral arteries which fuse to form the basilar artery and support the neck

Question 7

Where does the left common carotid artery arise from

Answer 7

The aortic arch adjacent to the left subclavian artery

Question 8

Where does the right common carotid artery arise from

Answer 8

From the innominate/brachiocephalic artery as it bifurcates into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery

Question 9

What 3 aspects is contained in the carotid sheath

Answer 9

Internal carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve

Question 10

What is the carotid sinus

Answer 10

Where the common carotid and internal carotid are slightly dilated in the carotid sheath

Question 11

What does the carotid sinus do

Answer 11

Is important in detecting and regulating blood pressure

Question 12

What 3 aspects does the internal carotid artery supply

Answer 12

The brain
Eyes
Forehead

Question 13

Where does the internal carotid artery pass

Answer 13

Upwards via the carotid sheath and carotid canal entering the cranial cavity via the carotid canal in the petrous part of the temporal bone

Question 14

Where does the external carotid artery pass

Answer 14

Up the neck posteriorly to the mandibular neck and anteriorly to the lobule of the ear

Question 15

Where does the external carotid artery terminate

Answer 15

Within the parotid gland

Question 16

What does the external carotid artery divide into within the parotid gland

Answer 16

The superficial temporal artery
The maxillary artery

Question 17

What are the 8 branches that arise from the external carotid artery

Answer 17

Superior thyroid artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Occipital artery
Posterior Auricular artery
Maxillary artery
Superficial temporal artery

Question 18

What branch supplies the deep structures of the face

Answer 18

Maxillary artery

Question 19

Which 2 branches supply the superficial areas of the face

Answer 19

Facial and superficial temporal arteries

Question 20

Where does the superior thyroid artery pass

Answer 20

Almost vertically downwards to supply the larynx and the thyroid gland

Question 21

Where does the lingual artery pass

Answer 21

Forward deep to hyoglossus muscle to supply the musculature of the tongue it is crossed by the hypoglossal nerve

Question 22

How does the facial artery arise

Answer 22

From anterior aspect of external carotid artery runs upward on the superior constrictor muscle deep to the digastric muscles and deep to the submandibular gland

Question 23

How does the ascending pharyngeal artery arise

Answer 23

From the deep aspect of the external carotid artery after bifurcation to run upwards to supply the soft palate and the side wall of the pharynx

Question 24

How does the occipital artery arise

Answer 24

From the back of the external carotid artery to the occipital region

Question 25

How does the posterior Auricular arise

Answer 25

Above the level of the digastric muscle to supply the skin over the mastoid process and gives branches to the middle ear

Question 26

How does the superficial temporal artery arise

Answer 26

Within the substance of the parotid gland to pass superficially over the posterior root of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

Question 27

What 2 branches does the superficial temporal artery spilt into

Answer 27

Frontal and parietal branches

Question 28

How does the maxillary artery pass

Answer 28

Enters infra temporal fossa passing forward between the neck of the mandible and spheno mandibular ligament Runs deep to the lower head then passes between the two heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle Passes through the pterygo maxillary fissure and into the Pterygopalatine fossa

Question 29

What are the 3 parts of the maxillary artery

Answer 29

Mandibular part Pterygoid part Pterygopalatine part

Question 30

What are the 4 branches of the mandibular part of the maxillary artery

Answer 30

Inferior alveolar Middle meningeal Accessory meningeal Two branches to the ear

Question 31

What are the 4 branches of the pterygoid part of the maxillary artery

Answer 31

Medial pterygoid muscle Lateral pterygoid muscle Temporalis muscle Those which accompany the lingual and long Buccal nerves

Question 32

What are the 5 branches of the Pterygopalatine part of the maxillary artery

Answer 32

Naso palatine Anterior palatine Posterior superior lateral nasal Middle and posterior palatine Pharyngeal

Question 33

Where on the mandible does the maxillary artery terminate

Answer 33

At the second premolar it terminates into the branches of the mental and incisive arteries after it has supplied all of the mandibular teeth

Question 34

What 5 branches of the head and neck arteries creates a dense blood supply to the scalp

Answer 34

Posterior Auricular Occipital Superficial temporal Supra orbital Supra trochlear

Question 35

What is the venous drainage of the brain and meninges

Answer 35

The dural venous sinuses

Question 36

What is the venous drainage of the scalp and face

Answer 36

Veins synonymous with the arteries empty into the internal and external jugular veins

Question 37

What is the venous drainage of the neck

Answer 37

Anterior jugular veins

Question 38

What 2 veins form the external jugular vein

Answer 38

Posterior Auricular vein Retromandibular vein

Question 39

What does the posterior Auricular vein do

Answer 39

Drains the area of scalp superior and posterior to the outer ear

Question 40

What 2 branches is the retromandibular vein formed by

Answer 40

Maxillary and superficial temporal veins which drain the face

Question 41

Where do the cavernous sinuses receive their blood from

Answer 41

The superior and inferior ophthalmic veins, the middle superficial cerebral veins and the sphenoparietal sinus

Question 42

Which artery is located within the cavernous sinus

Answer 42

Internal carotid artery allows for cooling of the arterial blood before it reaches the brain

Question 43

Which 4 nerves are located within the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus

Answer 43

Oculomotor Trochlear Ophthalmic Maxillary

Question 44

Which nerve crosses the cavernous sinus

Answer 44

Abducens