Blood Supply To Head And Neck Flashcards
What are the 2 paired arteries which the head and neck derive their blood supply from
The common carotid artery and the subclavian artery
What are the 2 right and left common carotid arteries bifurcate into
External carotid artery
Internal carotid artery
What does the external carotid artery do
Gives off branches to supply the external structures of the head and face
What does the internal carotid artery do
Enters the neurocranium and is one of the two main vessels that supply the brain
What is the necks main blood supply
Branches of the subclavian artery
What does the subclavian artery do
Gives rise to the paired vertebral arteries which fuse to form the basilar artery and support the neck
Where does the left common carotid artery arise from
The aortic arch adjacent to the left subclavian artery
Where does the right common carotid artery arise from
From the innominate/brachiocephalic artery as it bifurcates into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery
What 3 aspects is contained in the carotid sheath
Internal carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve
What is the carotid sinus
Where the common carotid and internal carotid are slightly dilated in the carotid sheath
What does the carotid sinus do
Is important in detecting and regulating blood pressure
What 3 aspects does the internal carotid artery supply
The brain
Eyes
Forehead
Where does the internal carotid artery pass
Upwards via the carotid sheath and carotid canal entering the cranial cavity via the carotid canal in the petrous part of the temporal bone
Where does the external carotid artery pass
Up the neck posteriorly to the mandibular neck and anteriorly to the lobule of the ear
Where does the external carotid artery terminate
Within the parotid gland
What does the external carotid artery divide into within the parotid gland
The superficial temporal artery
The maxillary artery
What are the 8 branches that arise from the external carotid artery
Superior thyroid artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Occipital artery
Posterior Auricular artery
Maxillary artery
Superficial temporal artery
What branch supplies the deep structures of the face
Maxillary artery
Which 2 branches supply the superficial areas of the face
Facial and superficial temporal arteries
Where does the superior thyroid artery pass
Almost vertically downwards to supply the larynx and the thyroid gland
Where does the lingual artery pass
Forward deep to hyoglossus muscle to supply the musculature of the tongue it is crossed by the hypoglossal nerve
How does the facial artery arise
From anterior aspect of external carotid artery runs upward on the superior constrictor muscle deep to the digastric muscles and deep to the submandibular gland
How does the ascending pharyngeal artery arise
From the deep aspect of the external carotid artery after bifurcation to run upwards to supply the soft palate and the side wall of the pharynx
How does the occipital artery arise
From the back of the external carotid artery to the occipital region
How does the posterior Auricular arise
Above the level of the digastric muscle to supply the skin over the mastoid process and gives branches to the middle ear
How does the superficial temporal artery arise
Within the substance of the parotid gland to pass superficially over the posterior root of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone
What 2 branches does the superficial temporal artery spilt into
Frontal and parietal branches
How does the maxillary artery pass
Enters infra temporal fossa passing forward between the neck of the mandible and spheno mandibular ligament
Runs deep to the lower head then passes between the two heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle
Passes through the pterygo maxillary fissure and into the Pterygopalatine fossa
What are the 3 parts of the maxillary artery
Mandibular part
Pterygoid part
Pterygopalatine part
What are the 4 branches of the mandibular part of the maxillary artery
Inferior alveolar
Middle meningeal
Accessory meningeal
Two branches to the ear
What are the 4 branches of the pterygoid part of the maxillary artery
Medial pterygoid muscle
Lateral pterygoid muscle
Temporalis muscle
Those which accompany the lingual and long Buccal nerves
What are the 5 branches of the Pterygopalatine part of the maxillary artery
Naso palatine
Anterior palatine
Posterior superior lateral nasal
Middle and posterior palatine
Pharyngeal
Where on the mandible does the maxillary artery terminate
At the second premolar it terminates into the branches of the mental and incisive arteries after it has supplied all of the mandibular teeth
What 5 branches of the head and neck arteries creates a dense blood supply to the scalp
Posterior Auricular
Occipital
Superficial temporal
Supra orbital
Supra trochlear
What is the venous drainage of the brain and meninges
The dural venous sinuses
What is the venous drainage of the scalp and face
Veins synonymous with the arteries empty into the internal and external jugular veins
What is the venous drainage of the neck
Anterior jugular veins
What 2 veins form the external jugular vein
Posterior Auricular vein
Retromandibular vein
What does the posterior Auricular vein do
Drains the area of scalp superior and posterior to the outer ear
What 2 branches is the retromandibular vein formed by
Maxillary and superficial temporal veins which drain the face
Where do the cavernous sinuses receive their blood from
The superior and inferior ophthalmic veins, the middle superficial cerebral veins and the sphenoparietal sinus
Which artery is located within the cavernous sinus
Internal carotid artery allows for cooling of the arterial blood before it reaches the brain
Which 4 nerves are located within the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Which nerve crosses the cavernous sinus
Abducens
