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MCQ 1.2 > CSF And Cerebral Blood Flow > Flashcards

CSF And Cerebral Blood Flow Flashcards

1
Q

What is the meninges

A

The membranous coverings of brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What are the 3 layers of the meninges

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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3
Q

What are the 2 major functions of the meninges

A

Supportive framework for cerebral and cranial vasculature
Acting with CSF to protect CNS from mechanical damage

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4
Q

What is the dura mater

A

The outermost layer of meninges directly underneath bones of skull and vertebral column

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5
Q

What are the 2 layered sheets of connective tissue in the dura mater

A

Periosteal layer
Meningeal layer

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6
Q

What is the periosteal layer

A

Lines inner surface of bones of cranium

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7
Q

What is the meningeal layer

A

Located deep to periosteal layer
Continuous with dura mater of spinal cord

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8
Q

What is located between the 2 layers of dura mater

A

Dural venous sinuses

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9
Q

What is dura mater innervated by

A

CNV (trigeminal)

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10
Q

Where does the dura mater receive its vascular supply from

A

Middle meningeal artery and vein

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11
Q

What is the dural venous sinuses responsible for

A

Venous drainage of cranium and empty into internal jugular veins

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12
Q

What are the 4 dural partitions

A

Falx cerebri
Tentorium cerebelli
Falx cerebelli
Diaphragma sellae

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13
Q

What does the falx cerebri do

A

Projects downwards to separate right and left cerebral hemispheres

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14
Q

What does the tentorium cerebelli do

A

Separates occipital lobes from cerebellum contains space for passage of brain - tentorial notch

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15
Q

What does the falx cerebelli do

A

Separates right and left cerebella hemispheres

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16
Q

What does the diaphragma sellae do

A

Covers hypophysial fossa of sphenoid bone contains small opening for passage of stalk of pituitary gland

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17
Q

What is the arachnoid mater

A

Middle layer of meninges lying directly underneath dura mater

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18
Q

What is underneath arachnoid mater

A

Space which is known as sub arachnoid space which contains CSF acting as a cushion for the brain

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19
Q

What does arachnoid mater consist of

A

Layers of connective tissue it is avascular and does not receive any innervation

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20
Q

What are arachnoid granulations

A

Small projections of arachnoid mater into dura allowing CSF to re enter circulation via dural venous sinuses

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21
Q

Where is pia mater located

A

Underneath sub arachnoid space

22
Q

How does the pia mater appear

A

Very thin tightly adhered to surface of brain and spinal cord
Highly vascularised with blood vessels perforating through membrane

23
Q

How many dural venous sinuses are there

A

11 in total

24
Q

Where is the straight, superior and inferior sagittal sinuses found

A

In falx cerebri of dura mater

25
Q

Which sinus is a continuation of the great cerebral vein and inferior sagittal sinus

A

Straight sinus

26
Q

What does the cavernous sinus do

A

Drains ophthalmic veins and can be found on either side of sella turcica

27
Q

How does blood return to the internal jugular vein

A

Via superior or inferior petrosal sinuses

28
Q

What are the 6 structures that the cavernous sinus receives venous drainage from

A

Facial veins
Ophthalmic veins
Superficial middle cerebral vein
Sphenoparietal sinus
Central vein of retina
Pterygoid plexus

29
Q

What 3 structures travel through lateral wall of cavernous sinus

A

Oculomotor nerve
Trochlear nerve
Ophthalmic and maxillary branches of trigeminal nerve

30
Q

What 3 structures travel through the cavernous sinus

A

Abducens nerve
Carotid plexus (post ganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres)
Internal carotid artery (cavernous portion)

31
Q

What nerve is most commonly affected by cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

Abducens nerve

32
Q

What secretes CSF

A

Choroid plexus found in roof of ventricles derived from blood plasma but lower in protein

33
Q

What are the 5 functions of the CSF

A

Protection
Buoyancy
Chemical stability
Homeostasis
Cleaning waste

34
Q

Which has a higher protein content CSF or blood

A

Blood

35
Q

What is the ventricular system

A

Structures that produce CSF and transport it around the cranial cavity

36
Q

What is the ventricular system lined with

A

Ependymal cells which form choroid plexus

37
Q

What are the 4 ventricles in the ventricular system

A

Right and left lateral ventricles
Third and fourth ventricles

38
Q

What is the foramen of monro

A

Where the lateral ventricles connect to the third ventricle

39
Q

What are the 2 protrusions on the anterior surface of the third ventricle

A

Supra optic recess
Infundibular recess

40
Q

What are the 2 places that the fourth ventricle drains into

A

Central spinal cord
Subarachnoid cisterns

41
Q

What does the choroid plexus consist of

A

Capillaries and loose connective tissue surrounded by cuboidal epithelial cells

42
Q

How is plasma filtered from blood

A

By epithelial cells to produce CSF

43
Q

What are zonula occludens

A

Provide structural support to endothelial wall, circumscribe cells and provide seal with all adjacent cells

44
Q

What are zonula adherens

A

Connects adjacent cells

45
Q

What are astrocytes

A

Highly branched cells with small bodies found both in white and grey matter

46
Q

What are the 2 paired arteries responsible for the blood supply to the brain

A

Vertebral
Internal carotid arteries

47
Q

What is the circle of Willis

A

The terminal branches of the arterial supply to the brain form an anastomotic circle

48
Q

Where do the internal carotid arteries originate from

A

At bifurcation of left and right common carotid arteries at level of 4th cervical vertebrae

49
Q

Where do the right and left vertebral arteries arise from

A

Subclavian arteries, medial to anterior scalene muscle

50
Q

What are the 3 main constituents of the circle of Willis

A

Anterior cerebral arteries
Internal carotid arteries
Posterior cerebral arteries

MCQ 1.2 (34 decks)

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