Toddler and Preschool Health Flashcards
The toddler is between the age of what?
1 to 3 years of age
The preschool is between the age of what?
4 to 5 years of age
Cognitive: Preoperational
a) Two to four years of age this is known as _________
b) Four to seven years of age this is known as ________
a) Pre conceptual
b) Intuitive
Psychosocial: Toddler is seeking _____
Autonomy
Psychosocial: Preschooler is seeking _______
Initiative
Physical examination: Anthropometrics
Toddler: Examination will consist of what?
a) Length
b) ______
c) weight
d) head circumference percentage (up to 2 years old)
b) height
Physical examination: Anthropometrics
Preschooler: Examination will consist of what?
a) Height
b) ______
c) blood pressure (starting at 3 years old, then each year)
weight
TB screening in well-child checks is ___ universally done.
not
Developmental Screening [ Denver development screening test, Second edition] For children less than ___ Years of age.
6
Laboratory tests for toddler:
1) Hemoglobin at two years (Or wants between one and
____ Years unless otherwise indicated)
2) _____ Screening by two years as appropriate based on
will child surveillance of risk
1) Five
2) Lead
Laboratory tests for a preschooler:
1) Purified protein derivative (PPD) Test For _______ between four and six years of age
2) ________ ScreeningAround two years; Test if Indicated( Family history, DyslipidemiaOr premature cardiovascular disease)
1) Tuberculosis
2) Cholesterol
Schedule toddler annual visits at?
12, 15, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months
Schedule preschool Annual visit at?
Three, four, and five year
Stages specified: Toddler
a) Strive for _______
b) Tantrums are common
c) Major fears emerge
d) Allow the child to touch equipment
e) Give choices when possible
f) Continue Progression of non-invasive to invasive exam
a) autonomy
The length Of a child ___ Visit To Two years, Then annually
Each
The weight of a child ____ visit two years then annually
each
Physical examination of the child includes what?
a) _______
b) Weight
c) BMI
D) Head conference is measured on each visit to two years of age
E) Serial measurements recorded With standardize charts
F) Dental development continues
G) Vital signs
H) Interior fontanelle closes
I) Testing had a par equal to age 1:
a) length
Head circumference is measured on each visit to ___ years of age
2 years
___ Months for primary teeth development
Six months
____ Years for permanent teeth development
Six years
Anterior fontanel closed by ____ Months
18 months
Chest and head are equal two age 1; Chest eventually grows ____ cm greater Has by end of this.
5 cm
An eye examination should be considered if:
a) Excessive _______
b) Difficulty picking up small objects
c) Head tilting
d) Strabismus
a) Squinting
_____ ______ may red due to crying
Tympanic membrane
Assess for ____ Masses; Swollen or Shotty nodes Maybe Acceptable post-infection
Neck
Mouth breathers and toddlers may indicate what?
Allergic rhinitis
Assist for ____ edema in toddlers Mouth?
periorbital
Assess fissures at lip corners and children to indicate _____ Deficiency
vitamin
_____ Quality: Consider an large adenoids
Nasal
_____ voice can be from multiple causes
Raspy
Point of maximum impact near the ____ Intercostal space Midclavicular line
fourth
Liver edge to be palpable at ____ cm Below the right coastal margin
1 -2 cm
This is a condition in which the foreskin this tightly stretched around the head of the penis and cannot be pull back freely
Phimosis
_____ ____ (bowed legs) Normal Variant in Toddlerhood
Genu Varum
__ ____ ( Knock- knees) Normal variant in preschoolers
Genu Valgum
Turned in foot:
a) Femoral ________: in toeing, normal until Adolescent
anteversion
_____ Torsion: Self Resolves by age 4
Tibial
One to ___ cm enlargement may be normal variant in the inguinal or cervical region.
two
________ nodes require aggressive investigation
Supraclavicular
Gross motor: At age \_\_\_ years a) up and down steps b) Kicks ball without falling c) runs with a wide gait
2 years
Gross motor:
At age ___ years
a) Hops a ___ years
b) Rides a tricycle
3 years
a) 3.5 years
Gross motor:
At ____ years
a) Up and downstairs with alternating feet
b) Rides bicycle with training wheels
4 years
Gross motor: At \_\_\_\_ years a) skips b) jumps rope c) plays ball
5 years
Fine motor skills:
At ____ years
a) Tower of 8 cubes
b) Turns a doorknob
2 years
Fine motor skills:
At ___ years
a) Copies a circle
b) Builds a tower
3 years
Fine motor skills:
At ___ years
a) Draws a person with 4 to 6 parts
b) Tower of 10 blocks
4 years
Fine motor skills: At \_\_\_\_ years a) copies a square b) copies multiple shapes c) prints letters d) ties shoes
5 years
Piaget’s preoperational thinking stages:
Preconceptional occurs at age _____ years
2 to 4 years
Piaget’s preoperational thinking stages:
Intuitive begins at age ____ years
4 to 7 years
________ occurs and focus is on one thing at a time
Concentration
The tendency of children to cognize their environment only in terms of their own point of view
Egocentrism
_____ begins, projecting the ability to think/feel like the child, inanimate objects are capable of feeling/thinking
Animism
Visual acuity to 20/30 by ____ years
5 years
Oriented to sound and language development begins at ___ years
2 years
_______ years, play audiometry
2 to 3 years
Over ____ years should experience pure tone audiometry
3 years
Language development: By age \_\_\_\_\_ a) up to 50-word vocabulary b) Can follow tow step commands c) talks constantly
2 years
Language development:
By age ___:
a) up to a 900-word vocabulary
3 years
Language development:
By age ___:
Can understand phrases and simple analogies
4 years
Language development: By age \_\_\_: a) vocabulary > 2000 words b) use sentences regularly c) knows at least 4 colors
5 years
Meaningful work usage in sentences:
a) Two words together by ___ years of age
2 years
Meaningful work usage in sentences:
a) Three words together by ___ years of age
3 years
Meaningful work usage in sentences:
Four words together by __ years of age
4 years
Meaningful work usage in sentences:
Five words together by __ years of age
5 years
Psychosocial Development:
a) autonomy vs shame and doubt
b) ___ of discipline
c) aggression and impulse control
d) play is a more psychosocial medium
Introduction
Psychosocial development:
Play is a major psychosocial medium
a) Toddler: _____ and parallel play
Onlooker
Psychosocial development:
Play is a major psychosocial medium
b) Preschoolers: Associative, ____, dramatic, physical play
Cooperative
This is the Gold standard for the diagnosis of developmental delays in infants/toddlers to 42 months of age; separate mental, motor, and behavioral rating scales
Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, second edition (Bayley-111)
Standardized testing:
a) Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler development
b) Ages and stages questionnaire (ASQ)
c) ______ II
c) Denver II
Encourage use of utensils (introduce spoon between ___ months of age)
15 to 17 months of age
First dental exam by age ___ year
1 year
Sleep ___ hours per night with daily naps
10 to 12 hours
Getting kids to bed:
Rituals and consistency at ______
bedtime
Nightmares begin around age ___ years
3 years
Night terrors typically occur between ___ year; most outgrow as they get older.
2 to 6 years
Physiologic and psychological readiness begins between ___ years.
1.5 to 2.5 years
Average daytime control is typically achieved by ___ years
2 years
Nighttime control lags behind by ___ years compared to daytime control
1 year
Do not start toilet training in times of ____?
stress
Do not punish; ___ reward all good efforts
reward
At ___ years
a) Is not imitating sounds
b) Is not pulling to standing
c) Is not indicating desires by point/gesture
1 year
At ____ months:
a) Does not make eye contact
b) Does not feed self with spoon
18 months
At ___ years:
a) Is not walking upstairs
b) Is not using 2 to 3 word phrases
c) Is not noticing cars, animals
d) Is initiating self-stimulation behaviors
2 years
At ____ years:
a) Is not aware of the external environment
b) Cannot ride a tricycle
c) Does not follow simple direction
d) Continues baby talk
e) Does not imitate adult activities
3 years
At ___ years:
a) does not listen to a story
b) does not speak in sentences
c) Engages in head banging or rocking
d) Is not toilet trained
e) Does not draw a human figure
4 years
At ___ years:
a) Magical thinking is still a dominant presence
b) There is no impulse control
5 years
Abnormal speech patterns characterized by repetitions and pause ins speech
Stuttering
a) Cause of this is debatable but generally believed to be developmental dysfluency
b) Occurs in up to 10% of children; more common among males
c) Maybe familial
d) Last for several weeks to 6 months bur often resolves without intervention (50% spontaneous recovery)
Stuttering
_______ is common in hearing impairment and visual impairment
Stuttering
Diagnostic Studes for stuttering include?
none
Management of _______ include?
a) Ignore inital presentation
b) Encourage parents to be patient
c) Refer if:
1) Last > 6 months
2) Child > 6 years
3) Child avoids speaking
stuttering
According to the firth edition of the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, a collection of disorders known as _______ characterized by the altered response to environmental stimuli and impaired social interactions
Autism spectrum disorder
Symptom Domains:
a) Impaired social communication and social interaction
b) Restricted, repetitive behavior, interest, or activities
Autism spectrum disorder
Diagnostic Criteria
a) Continuous impairment in interaction and communication that are reciprocal and social in nature
b) Patterns of activities, interests, and behaviors that are restrictive and repetitive
c) Symptoms that are persistent from early childhood
d) Symptoms that interfere with everyday functioning
Autism spectrum disorder
Classification of this ________:
a) Must impede functioning especially in school and occupational areas
b) social communication deficits must be unrelated to the level of individual development
Autism spectrum disorder
