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Primary > Gynecological Concerns/ Issues in Men's Health > Flashcards

Gynecological Concerns/ Issues in Men's Health Flashcards

1
Q

Abnormal metabolism of androgens and estrogen; results in ovarian cysts

A

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

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2
Q

Overview

  1. The most common cause of infertility in women and one of the most common endocrine disorders of reproductive-age women
  2. Age of onset typically pre-menopause but dia~mosis may be delayed due to unmasking of symptoms during menopause; cause unknown but genetics thought to play a role
A

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

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3
Q

Symptoms/History: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

  1. Menstrual irregularity
  2. _________
  3. Hirsutism
  4. Obesity and metabolic syndrome
  5. Acne
A
  1. Infertility
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4
Q

Associated Conditions with PCOS

  1. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome
  2. Heart and blood vessel complications.
  3. ______ cancer
  4. Sleep apnea
A
  1. Uterine cancer
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5
Q

Management: PCOS

  1. ______ changes (e.g., diet and exercise)
  2. Pharmacologic interventions
    a. Oral contraceptives for menstrual regulation
    b. Insulin-sensitizing medication
    c. Hair removal treatment
    d. Ache treatment
A
  1. Lifestyle
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6
Q

Benign breast condition with increased growth and fibrosis of breast tissue

A

Fibrocystic Breast Disease

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7
Q

Fibrocystic Breast Disease
1. The exact cause is unknown, though estrogen may play a
role
2. Approximately ____ of women will present with such
findings

A

50%

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8
Q

Symptoms/ History: Fibrocystic Breast Disease
1. Breast ______ (related to cycle), nodularity with cyst
formation/enlargement, possible breast discharge

A
  1. tenderness
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9
Q

Physical examination: Fibrocystic Breast Disease
1) Tenderness to the area; number or cystic is also variable
2) Mobile
3) Variable location/ shape/ consistency; maybe round or
nodular; soft or firm
4) Nipple _______ usually not present; when present, it
is clear

A

4) discharge

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10
Q

Malignancy of breast tissue

A

Breast Cancer

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11
Q

Breast Cancer:

1) The lifetime risk of breast cancer in women in the United State is _____
2) If a first-degree relative has had breast cancer, the risk increases 2 to 4 fold

A

1) 1:8

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12
Q

Breast Cancer:

  1. ____ tender; painless mass
  2. Asymptomatic; later symptoms include pain, erythema, dimpling, ulceration, nipple retraction
A
  1. None- tender
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13
Q

Breast Cancer:
1. Non- tender with poorly defined borders
2. FIxed; ____
3. May also find dimpling, nipple retractions, bloody
discharge, lymphadenopathy
4. My have bloody nipple discharge

A
  1. firm
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14
Q

Fibrocystic Breast
Diagnostic Tests:
1. Mammography: To identify mass, calcification; ____% of palpable masses are not visualized
2. FNA cytology
3. Excision biopsy: Most reliable; allows staging

A
  1. 15%
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15
Q

Breast Cancer:

  1. Mammography: To identify mass, calcifications: 15% of palpable masses are not visualized
  2. ____ cytology
  3. Excisional biopsy: Most reliable; allows staging
A
  1. FNA
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16
Q

Breast Cancer:

  1. Refer for:
    a) ________
    b) Chemotherapy
    c) Radiation
    d) Hormonal therapy
A

Surgery

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17
Q

Breast Cancer Screening”
ACS
When to begin?
May begin by choice at age ___ to ____; should begin by age 45

A

40 to 44

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18
Q

Breast Cancer Screening
ACS
How often?
Annually for age 45 to 54; every 2 years after age ____

A

55

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19
Q

Breast Cancer Screening
ACS
When to end?
“Continue as long as the woman is in good health and expected to live ____ more years or longer”

A

10

20
Q

Breast Cancer Screening
ACS
Clinical Breast Exam?
For ages ____ to ____, every 3 years; Annually starting at age 40

A

20 to 39

21
Q

Breast Cancer Screening
ACS
Self- Breast Exam?
Optional beginning at age ___; women should be informed of potential benefits and harms

A

21

22
Q

Breast Cancer Screening
USPSTF
For ages ___ to ___-, no routine screening individualized decisions before 50

A

40 to 49

23
Q

Breast Cancer Screening
USPSTF
How often?
Every ___ years for age 50 to 74

A

2 years

24
Q

Breast Cancer Screening
USPSTF
When to end?
For ages ___ and older, no specific recommendations

A

75

25
Q

Breast Cancer Screening
USPSTF
Clinical Breast Exam?
____ recommended

A

Not

26
Q

Breast Cancer Screening
USPSTF
Self- Breast Exam?
_____ recommended

A

Not

27
Q

Breast Cancer Screening
ACOG
When to begin?
For ages ___ to ___, every year

A

40 to 49

28
Q

Breast Cancer Screening
ACOG
How often?
Annually for age ____ to ___

A

50 to 74

29
Q

Breast Cancer Screening
ACOG
When to end?
____ recommendation

A

No

30
Q

Breast Cancer Screening
ACOG
Clinical Breast Exam?
Every year beginning at age ____

A

19

31
Q

Breast Cancer Screening
ACOG
Self- Breast Exam?
Can be _______ despite lack of supporting evidence

A

recommended

32
Q

Cessation of ovarian function through biological aging, surgical removal, chemotherapy, and/ or radiation which makes the conclusion of reproductive capability in women

A

Menopause

33
Q

Overview:

a) The average age of menopause is ____ years, with a range from 45 to 55 year
b) Associated symptoms are a result of estrogen deficiency

A

a) 51 years

34
Q

In Menopause the skin is: _____, loss of elasticity, decreased sebaceous gland activity, changes in pigmentation

A

Dryness

35
Q

In Menopause the CV: _______, coronary artery disease

A

Atherosclerosis

36
Q

In Menopause the Breast: ____ in tone, size

A

Decrease

37
Q

In menopause, the Neuroendocrine: _____ instability, mood changes, depression, sleep disturbances

A

Vasomotor

38
Q

In Menopause skeletal risk is ______

A

osteoporosis

39
Q

In Menopause GU: _____, atrophy of urethra, stress incontinence

A

Cystitis

40
Q

In Menopause GYN:
a) Vulva: ______, thinning of tissue, pruritus,
loss/thinning of hair

A

Atrophy

41
Q

In Menopause GYN:
b) Vagina: Thin, atrophic _______, vaginitis,
dyspareunia, decreased stimulation

A

b) epithelium

42
Q

In Menopause GYN:

c) Uterus: ______, decrease tone, reduction in size

A

c) Prolapse

43
Q

Management of Menopause:
1) Hormonal therapy (HIT)
a) Estrogen: Conjugated stronger (______), estradiol
(Estrace, Estraderm, Climara), estrone sulfate
b) Progestin: Cycling or continuous (not necessary if
hysterectomy)
c) Exercise, calcium supplementation (recommended in
the presence and absence of estrogen), and diet if
HT is contraindicated or refused
d) Benefits/ risks must be made based on the three
major possible concerns in family history:
a) Breast cancer
b) Myocardial infarction/ CAD
c) Uterine cancer

A

a) Premarin

44
Q

Change of bone structure due to a education in quantity, rather than composition, resulting in an abnormally low bone mass leading to increased risk of fractures

A

Osteoporosis

45
Q

Overciew:

1) Both sexes experiecne bone loss with aging ( type 2 osteoporosis)
2) Osteoporosis in menopause results from the loss of stronger ( type 1

A

t

Primary (44 decks)

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