Issues in Aging Flashcards
- An increasing number of older adults, defined as age 65 years or greater
a. The “____ ____”: 65 to 74 years of age
Young Old
- An increasing number of older adults, defined as age 65 years or greater
a. The “Young Old”: 65 to 74 years of age
i) The first wave of aging Baby Boomers reached full
retirement age in ________.
2011
- An increasing number of older adults, defined as age 65 years or greater
a. The “Young Old”: 65 to 74 years of age
ii) For the next 20 years, ____ million Boomers will
retire.
74
- Increasing number of older adults, defined as age 65 years or greater
b. The “_____”: 75 to 84 years of age
Old
- Increasing number of older adults, defined as age 65 years or greater
b. The “Old”: 75 to 84 years of age
i) During the next decade, increased life ______
will strengthen the wave of aging Boomers and
steadily increase their total number.
expectancy
- Increasing number of older adults, defined as age 65 years or greater
c. The “____-_____”: 85+ years of age
Oldest-Old
c. The “Oldest-Old”: 85+ years of age
i) The fastest-growing segment of the total population is the oldest old, those 85 and over. Their growth rate is twice that of those 65 and over and almost ____times that for the total population, with the greatest increase in women.
4
In 2011, there were ___ million older adults (13% of the United States population) vs. 3.1 million older adults in 1900.
38
There is an increasing ethnic, racial, and cultural _____ in the older adult population.
diversity
- Elderly poverty levels: ____% of older adults live below the poverty line with:
15.9%
- Elderly poverty levels: 15.9% of older adults live below the poverty line with:
a. ___% of African-American older adults
18%
- Elderly poverty levels: 15.9% of older adults live below the poverty line with:
b. ___% of Hispanic-American older adults
18%
- Elderly poverty levels: 15.9% of older adults live below the poverty line with:
c. ___% of Asian-American older adults
10.3%
- Elderly poverty levels: 15.9% of older adults live below the poverty line with:
d. ____% of Caucasian-American older adults
6.8%
Caring for the Aging and Elderly:
- Age ______ complications.
increases
Caring for the Aging and Elderly:
- Life expectancy at birth in the United States is ____ years for females and 75.7 years for males.
80.8
Caring for the Aging and Elderly:
a. A decline in any organ system is usually due to _____, not “‘the aging process.”
disease
Caring for the Aging and Elderly:
b. Must recognize the difference between ____ aging vs. normal age related changes
abnormal
Caring for the Aging and Elderly:
- ___________ patients are at a greater risk of complications and atypical presentations.
Immunocompromised
Caring for the Aging and Elderly:
4.Reduced ability to maintain homeostasis increases in age, with the average onset beginning at age ____ and manifested in organs by age 50.
30
Key Organ Systems Most Vulnerable to Illness or Disease in the Elderly
- ___________
- Musculoskeletal
- Lower urinary tract
- CNS
Circulatory
- The organ system usually associated with a particular symptom is less likely to be the source of that symptom in older adults than in younger adults.
a. Drug side effects pronounced at ___ doses
b. Many compensatory mechanisms are compromised
concurrently.
low
Predominant Presentations of Illness/Disease in the Elderly
- _______
- Dementia
- Falls
- Incontinence
- Functional decline
- Syncope
- The organ system usually associated with a particular symptom is less likely to be the source of that symptom in older adults thin in younger adults.
a. Drug side effects pronounced at low doses
b. Many compensatory mechanisms are compromised concurrently.
Delirium
Critical gerontology functions for nurse practitioners
a. Health promotion b. \_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ c. Disease prevention d. Facilitation of self- care
Health maintenance
Top eight most common conditions in older adults
a. ___________
b. Hypertension
c. Heart disease
d. Respiratory disease
e. Diabetes mellitus
f. Cancer
g. Cerebrovascular disease
h. Atherosclerosis/Alzheimer’s disease
Parkinson’s
Top ten most common reasons for older adults to be hospitalized
a. Heart disease
b. __________
c. Cerebrovascular disease
d. Pneumonia
e. Fractures
f. Bronchitis
g. Osteoarthritis
h. Diabetes mellitus
i. Disease of the nervous system or sense organs
j. Prostate hyperplasia
Cancer
Top twelve most common causes of death among older adults
a. Heart disease
b. Cancer
c. Cerebrovascular disease
d. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
e. Pneumonia and influenza
f. Diabetes mellitus
g. ____________
h. Alzheimer’s disease
i. Septicemia
j. Atherosclerosis
k. Hypertension
Accidents
Adjustment in Aging
1. Declining health/functional status
a. Difficulty with accepting ______ efficiency of the
body
declining
Adjustment in Aging 2. Increased mortality awareness a. Older adults become more aware of their own death. b. Interest develops in: i) Fulfilling own dreams ii) Deepening religious convictions iii) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ family ties iv) Leaving a legacy
Strengthening
Adjustment in Aging
3. Income and employment issues
a. The economic profile of many elderly is poor. For
example, approximately __/__ live below the
poverty line.
1/6
Adjustment in Aging
b. Retirement income is often much ____ than one’s
working salary, resulting in a major lifestyle
change.
less
Adjustment in Aging
Lifestyle changes may include:
i) Relocation to less expensive ________
ii) Change in social practices
iii) Change in diet
iv) Lowering of independence
housing
Adjustment in Aging
c. Social Security is the primary source of income for
many. In June 2012, the average Social Security
retirement benefit was $______/month, or about
$14,800/year.
1,267
Adjustment in Aging
For 36% of elders, Social Security provides more than ____% of their income.
90%
Adjustment in Aging
For ____% of elderly beneficiaries, Social Security is the sole source of retirement income.
24
Adjustment in Aging
4. Retirement
a. One’s worth and identity are often associated with
_________.
productivity
Adjustment in Aging
4. Retirement
b. Individuals defined by work ______ rather than
personal characteristics.
role
- Family changes
a. The family unit is traditionally viewed as a major source of _______ and is a key source of support by
softening the multiple losses and changes in life.
b. Adjustment to the independence of children
satisfaction
- Family changes
c. Limited extended family interaction in today’s society
Children are less “_______” for aging parents.
responsible
- Family changes
d. Death of a spouse; affects more _____ than _____
women than men
- Shrinking social world
a. Loneliness and desolation
b. Children are grown mad gone
c. Loss of ____ and friends
spouse
- Hearing and speech deficits present communication barriers. Danger signs that indicate an elderly person needs extra help and/or a change in living environment:
a. Sudden ____ ____
b. Bums or injury marks
c. Peculiar behavior of any kind
d. Failure to take medication or over-dosing
e. Increased car accidents
f. General forgetfulness
weight loss
- If danger signals are apparent, all housing options should be discussed and analyzed.
a. ____ ___ ____: The elderly person continues to live in his/her own place of residence, usually a community not designed as a retirement community, but one which contains amenities that assist the elder extensively, making aging in place easier.
Aging in place
Retirement communities
a. Adult congregate communities
i) Residents buy condominiums and pay a monthly fee
for grass mowing, leaf raking, and other services.
ii) A medical center is on-site with 24/7 ____ service.
nursing
Retirement communities
b. Assisted living communities
i) Rental retirement communities for seniors who need
assistance with complex instrumental activities of daily
living (including cooking, shopping, money
_________, etc.)
ii) Three meals per day, maid, and laundry service
24/7 registered nurse on call provided in the rental
agreement
management
Retirment Communities:
c. Continuing care communities
i) Provides a continuum of care, from 24/7 independent
living care to special nursing home care
ii) Individual must be _______ when he or she
enters the community
iii) Expensive, requires monthly fees
independent
d. Board and care
i) Similar to assisted living
ii) Single-family house which has been converted into a
residence for _____ and disabled residents
elderly
e. Subsidized housing for the elderly
i) Subsidized by the Department of Housing and Urban
Development for low income elderly in good health
ii) 24/7 nursing care is ____ provided
iii) Blood pressure and basic: checkups are available
every day by on-site nurses.
not
Nursing facilities
a. ____ ____ _____
i) 24-hour nursing for people with serious health care
needs but who do not require hospitalization (e.g.,
rehabilitating a broken hip, treating an infection with
IV antibiotics, managing behavioral problems due to
dementia, etc.)
ii) Admission is prescribed by a physician
Skilled nursing facilities
Nursing facilities
b. _____ ____ ______
i) Less extensive health care alternative than skilled
nursing facilities
ii) Mainly for people not able to live alone but who need
minimum medical assistance and help with
personal/social care
Intermediate care facilities
