TISSUES Flashcards
groups of specialized cells and the extracellular substances surrounding them
tissues
the microscopic sudy of tissue structure
histology
types of tissues
epithelial tissue
connective tissue
nervous tissue
muscle tissue
epithelium, found virtually everywhere, both inside and outside the body, pirmarily a cell tissue, very little extracellular material between the cells, protects against foregin materials
epithelial tissue
protecting underlying structures, acting as a barrier, permitting the passage of subtances, secreting substances, absorbing subtances
epithelial tissue
single layer of cells, basement membrane to the free surface
simple epithelium
more than one layer of cells, deepest layer attaches to the basement membrane
stratified epithelium
special type of simple epithelium, appears stratified but not, one layer all attached to the basement membrane
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
shape of cells
squamous
cuboidal
columnar
flat and scale like
squamous
cubeshaped
cuboidal
taller than wide, column like
columnar
mechanically bind epithelial cells
desmosomes
bind cells to the basement membrane
hemidesmosomes
form barriers and anchor cells to each other
tight junctions
below tight junctions, help anchor epithelial cells together
adhesion belts
allow intercellular communication
gap junctions
composed of epithelium supported by a network of connective tissue
glands
produce chemicals called hormones, termed ductless glands, extensive network of blood vessels
endocrine glands
produce a wide variety of products: saliva, sweat, digestive tract secretions
exocrine glands
single cell, goblet cells that secrete mucus
unicellular
multicellular, single, non-branched duct
simple glands
straight, narrow tube, same width as duct
tubular
saclike structure, width greater than duct
acinar
multicellular glands that have several branched ducts
compound glands
through exocytosis, not common
merocrine secretion
portion of free surface pinches off, cytoplasmic
apocrine secretion
shedding entire cells
holocrine secretion
diverse primary tissue type that makes up part of every organ in the body, cells separated by abundant extracelullar mix, diverse in structure and function
connective tissue
enclosing and separating other tissues, connecting tissues to one another, supporting and moving parts of the body, storing compounds, cushioning and insulating, transporting, protecting
connective tissue
creates matrix
blasts
break it
clasts
cytes
maintain
flexible, resist stretching
collagen fibers
fine, short collagen fibers
reticular fibers
return to their original shape
elastic fibers
nonfibrous molecules, shapeless background
ground substance
relatively few protein fibers that form a lacy network, numerous spaces filled with ground substance and fluid
loose connective tissue
collagen fibers and a few elastic fibers
aerolar
consists of adipocytes or fat cells, lipids for energy
adipose
framework of lymphatic tissue, spleen and lymph nodes
reticular
relatively large numbers of protein fibers that form thick bundles, fill nearly all space, produced by fibroblasts
dense connective tissue
collagen fibers, tendons, ligament, dermis
collagenous
oriented in the same direction
dense regular
oriented in different directions
dense irregular
abundatn in electric fibers, allow time to stretch
elastic
composed of chondrocytes located in spaces callled lacunae
cartilage
most abundant, many functions
hyaline
more collagen, bundles of collagen fibers, compression adn pulling
fibrocartilage
elastic fibers, appear as coiled fibers
elastic cartilage
hard connective tissue, consists of living cells, and a mineralized matrix
bone
spaces between trabeculae, resembles a sponge
spongy bone
more solid, no space between thin layers of mineralized matrix
compact bone
matrix is liquid, enabling blood cells and platelets to move
blood
contract or shorten, making movement possible, contractile proteins
muscle tissue
meat of animals, constitues 40% of body weight, attaches to skeleton, enables body movement
skeletal muscle
muscle of the heart, responsible for pumping blood, branched, connected by intercalated disks, contain gap junctions
cardiac muscle
forms the walls of hollow organs, found in skin and eyes, reponsible for moving food
smooth muscle
forms the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, coordinating and controlling many body activities
nervous tissue
conducting electrical signals
neuron
contains the nucleus, site of general cell functions
cell body
receive stimuli that read to electrical changes
dendrites
conduct electrical signals
adons
support cells of the nervois sytem, nourish, protect, and insulate
glial cells
thin sheet or layer of tissue that covers a structure or lines a cavity
tissue membrane
composed of stratified squamous epithelium and dense connective tissue
skin or cutaneous membrane
line cavities open to the outside of the body
mucuos membrane
line cavities that do not open to the exterior of the body, no glans, serous fluid
serous membrane
protect internal organs from friction, hold them in place, permeable barrier
loose connective tissue
line the cavities of freely movable joints, connective tissue and modified connective tissue cells, produce synovial fluid, which makes joint slippery, reducing friction
synovial membrane
