NERVOUS SYSTEM: OTHER BRAIN FUNCTIONS Flashcards
this hemisphere receives sensory input from and control muscular activity in the left half of the body
right
this hemisphere receives input from and control muscles in the right half of the body
left
sensory information received by one hemisphere is shared with the other through connections between the two hemispheres called
commissures
the largest commissure is the _ ; a broad band of nerve tracts at the base of the longitudinal fissure
corpus callosum
two major cortical areas involved in speech
sensory speech area
motor speech area
located in the parietal lobe, functions in understanding and formulating coherent speech
sensory speech area
located in frontal lobe, controls the movement necessary for speech
motor speech area
damage to these parts of the brain or to associated brain regions may result in
aphasia
electrodes placed on a person’s scalp and attached to a recording device can record the brain’s electrical activity producing as
electroencephalogram
EEG patterns can be detected as wavelike patters known as
brain waves
these waves are observed in a normal person who is awake but in a quiet, resting state with the eyes closed
alpha waves
these waves have a higher frequency than alpha waves and occur during intense mental activity
beta waves
these waves occur during sleep, in infants, and in patients with severe brain disorders, but can also appear in patients with severe brain disorders
delta waves
this wave is usually observed in children, but can also occur in adults who are experiencing frustration or who have a certain brain disorder
theta waves
what are the stages of memory
working
short-term
long-term
types of long-term memory
dealing with facts (declarative)
dealing with skills (procedural)
the brain briefly stores information required for the immediate performance of a task ; task-associated memory
working memory
lasts longer than working memory and can be retained for a few minutes to a few days
short-term memory
short term memory is transferred to this kind of memory where it may be stored for only a few minutes or become permanent by consolidation
long-term memory
a gradual process involving the formation of new and stronger synaptic connections
consolodation
its involved the retention of facts, such as names, dates, and places as well as related emotional undertones
declarative memory or explicit memory
involved the development of motor skills such as riding a bicyle
procedural or reflexive memory
a whole series of neurons called __ are involved in the long-term retention of a given piece of information, a thought, or an idea
memory engrams or memory traces
the olfactory cortex and deep cortical regions and nuclei of the cerebrum and the diencephalon are grouped together under
limbis system
three connective tissue membranes which surround and protect the brain and spinal cord
meninges
what are the three meninges
dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater
this meninges is the most superficial and thickest ; it consists of two layers which are in contact over much their surface
dura mater
damage to the veins between the cerebral cortex and dural venous sinuses can cause bleeding into the subdural space resulting in
subdural hematoma
the space between the dura meter and the vertebrae
epidural space
the epidural space of the vertebral canal is clinically important as the injection site for _ anesthesia of the spinal nerves which is given to females during childbirth
epidural anesthesia
the second meningeal membrane is the very thin, wispy __
arachnoid mater
