NERVOUS SYSTEM: OTHER BRAIN FUNCTIONS

Question 1

this hemisphere receives sensory input from and control muscular activity in the left half of the body

Answer 1

right

Question 2

this hemisphere receives input from and control muscles in the right half of the body

Answer 2

left

Question 3

sensory information received by one hemisphere is shared with the other through connections between the two hemispheres called

Answer 3

commissures

Question 4

the largest commissure is the _ ; a broad band of nerve tracts at the base of the longitudinal fissure

Answer 4

corpus callosum

Question 5

two major cortical areas involved in speech

Answer 5

sensory speech area
motor speech area

Question 6

located in the parietal lobe, functions in understanding and formulating coherent speech

Answer 6

sensory speech area

Question 7

located in frontal lobe, controls the movement necessary for speech

Answer 7

motor speech area

Question 8

damage to these parts of the brain or to associated brain regions may result in

Answer 8

aphasia

Question 9

electrodes placed on a person’s scalp and attached to a recording device can record the brain’s electrical activity producing as

Answer 9

electroencephalogram

Question 10

EEG patterns can be detected as wavelike patters known as

Answer 10

brain waves

Question 11

these waves are observed in a normal person who is awake but in a quiet, resting state with the eyes closed

Answer 11

alpha waves

Question 12

these waves have a higher frequency than alpha waves and occur during intense mental activity

Answer 12

beta waves

Question 13

these waves occur during sleep, in infants, and in patients with severe brain disorders, but can also appear in patients with severe brain disorders

Answer 13

delta waves

Question 14

this wave is usually observed in children, but can also occur in adults who are experiencing frustration or who have a certain brain disorder

Answer 14

theta waves

Question 15

what are the stages of memory

Answer 15

working
short-term
long-term

Question 16

types of long-term memory

Answer 16

dealing with facts (declarative)
dealing with skills (procedural)

Question 17

the brain briefly stores information required for the immediate performance of a task ; task-associated memory

Answer 17

working memory

Question 18

lasts longer than working memory and can be retained for a few minutes to a few days

Answer 18

short-term memory

Question 19

short term memory is transferred to this kind of memory where it may be stored for only a few minutes or become permanent by consolidation

Answer 19

long-term memory

Question 20

a gradual process involving the formation of new and stronger synaptic connections

Answer 20

consolodation

Question 21

its involved the retention of facts, such as names, dates, and places as well as related emotional undertones

Answer 21

declarative memory or explicit memory

Question 22

involved the development of motor skills such as riding a bicyle

Answer 22

procedural or reflexive memory

Question 23

a whole series of neurons called __ are involved in the long-term retention of a given piece of information, a thought, or an idea

Answer 23

memory engrams or memory traces

Question 24

the olfactory cortex and deep cortical regions and nuclei of the cerebrum and the diencephalon are grouped together under

Answer 24

limbis system

Question 25

three connective tissue membranes which surround and protect the brain and spinal cord

Answer 25

meninges

Question 26

what are the three meninges

Answer 26

dura mater arachnoid mater pia mater

Question 27

this meninges is the most superficial and thickest ; it consists of two layers which are in contact over much their surface

Answer 27

dura mater

Question 28

damage to the veins between the cerebral cortex and dural venous sinuses can cause bleeding into the subdural space resulting in

Answer 28

subdural hematoma

Question 29

the space between the dura meter and the vertebrae

Answer 29

epidural space

Question 30

the epidural space of the vertebral canal is clinically important as the injection site for _ anesthesia of the spinal nerves which is given to females during childbirth

Answer 30

epidural anesthesia

Question 31

the second meningeal membrane is the very thin, wispy __

Answer 31

arachnoid mater

Question 32

the space between the dura mate and the _ is the subdural space which is normally only a potential space containing a very small amount of serous fluid

Answer 32

arachnoid mater

Question 33

health professionals use such a needle to inject anesthetic into the area as a _ _

Answer 33

spinal block

Question 34

to take a sample of cerebrospinal fluid into the

Answer 34

spinal tap

Question 35

the third meningeal membrane _ ; very tightly bound to the surface of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 35

pia mater

Question 36

between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater is the _ which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid and contains blood vessels

Answer 36

subarchnoid space

Question 37

the CNS contains fluid filled cavities called __ which are small in some areas and large in others

Answer 37

ventricles

Question 38

each cerebral hemisphere contains a relatively large cavity called the

Answer 38

lateral ventricle

Question 39

is a smaller, midline cavity located in the center of the diencephalon between the two halves of the thalamus and connected by foramina to the lateral ventricles

Answer 39

third ventricle

Question 40

located at the base of the cerebellum and connected to the third ventricle by a narrow canal called

Answer 40

cerebral aqueduct

Question 41

the fourth ventricle is continuous with the

Answer 41

central canal of the spinal cord

Question 42

bathes the brain and spinal cord providing a protective cushion around the CNS

Answer 42

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 43

produced the CFS

Answer 43

choroid plexuses

Question 44

blockage of the openings in the fourth ventricle or the cerebral aqueduct can cause the CSF to accumulate in the ventricles, a condition known as

Answer 44

hydrocephalus

Question 45

2 divisions of cranial nerves

Answer 45

sensory and motor

Question 46

division of cranial nerves: special senses, vision, general senses, touch and pain

Answer 46

sensory

Question 47

division of cranial nerves: somatic motor and parasympathetic

Answer 47

motor functions

Question 48

4 cranial nerves considered a somatic motor only

Answer 48

trochlear abducens accessory hypoglossal

Question 49

3 cranial nerves considered sensory only

Answer 49

optic olfactory vestibulocochlear nerves

Question 50

has sensory and somatic functions

Answer 50

trigeminal nerve

Question 51

is somatic motor and parasympathetic

Answer 51

oculomotor nerve

Question 52

3 nerves that have all three functions (sensory, somatic motor, and parasympathetic)

Answer 52

facial glossopharyngeal nerve vagus nerve

Question 53

most important parasympathetic nerve in the body

Answer 53

vagus nerve

Question 54

what are the cranial nerves in order:

Answer 54

olfactory optic oculomotor trochlear trigeminal abducens facial vestibulocochlear glossopharyngeal vagus hypoglossal

Question 55

specific function of the cranial nerve: smell

Answer 55

olfactory

Question 56

specific function of the cranial nerve: vision

Answer 56

optic

Question 57

specific function of the cranial nerve: motor to four of six extrinsic eye muscles and upper eyelid ; parasympathetic, constricts pupil and thicken lens

Answer 57

oculomotor

Question 58

specific function of the cranial nerve: motor to one extrinsic eye muscle

Answer 58

trochlear

Question 59

specific function of the cranial nerve: sensory to face and teeth ; motor to muscles of mastication or chewing

Answer 59

trigeminal

Question 60

specific function of the cranial nerve: motor to one extrinsic eye muscle

Answer 60

abducens

Question 61

specific function of the cranial nerve: sensory, taste, and touch to back of tongue

Answer 61

glossopharyngeal

Question 62

specific function of the cranial nerve: sensor to phraynx

Answer 62

VAGUS

Question 63

specific function of the cranial nerve: motor to two neck and upper back muscles

Answer 63

accessory nerve

Question 64

move tongue muscles

Answer 64

hypoglossal

Question 65

two neurons in series extend from the CNS to the effector organs

Answer 65

pregnaglionic neruon

Question 66

the second neuron is the

Answer 66

postganglionic neurons

Question 67

autonomic nervous system is composed of

Answer 67

sympathetic and parasympathetis neuron

Question 68

increased activity in sympathetic division prepares individual for

Answer 68

physical activity

Question 69

increased parasympathetic division activates

Answer 69

involuntary action, digestion

Question 70

are connected to one another and are so named because they form a long chain along both sides of the spinal cord

Answer 70

sympathetic chain ganglia

Question 71

the axons of preganglionic fibers that do not synapse in the sympathetic chain ganglia form

Answer 71

splanchic nerves

Question 72

are located nearer target organs

Answer 72

collateral ganglia

Question 73

axons of the preganglionic neurons extend through spina or cranial nerves to

Answer 73

terminal ganglia

Question 74

most of the thoracic and abdominal organs are supplied by preganglionic neurons of the

Answer 74

vagus nerve

Question 75

fight or flight; prepares body for physical activity

Answer 75

sympathetic

Question 76

rest and digest; stimulates involuntary activities of the body at rest

Answer 76

parasympathetic

Question 77

neurotransmitter secreted

Answer 77

acetylcholine

Question 78

postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division secrete

Answer 78

neropinephrine

Question 79

most organs that receive autonomic neurons are innervated by both the parasympathetic and sympathetic division, a phenomenon known as

Answer 79

dual innervation