RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards
what are the two aspects of respiration
ventilation
respiration
this is the visible structure that forms a prominent feature on the face
external nose
this is the open chamber inside the nose where air first enters the respiratory system
nasal cavity
the nasal cavity begins at the anterior external openings called
nares
it extends to posterior openings into the pharynx which are called
choanae
the floor of the nasal cavity is called the
hard palate
the nasal cavity is divided into right and left halves and these are separated by the
nasal septum
on each side of the nasal cavity there are three lateral bony rings called
conchae
within the superior and middle meatuses are opening from the various
paranasal sinuses
the nasal cavity also contains the opening of a
nasolacrimal duct
this is the inflammation of the mucous membrane of a sinus
sinusitis
this is the throat is the common opening of both digestive and the respiratory systems ; it receives air from the nasal cavity and receives air, food, and drink from the oral cavity
pharynx
what are the three regions of the pharynx
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
this region of the pharynx is the most superior portion of the pharynx ; it is superior to the soft palate
nasophayrnx
it is an incomplete partition composed of muscle and connective tissue
soft palate
the extension of the soft palate is known as the
uvula
the posterior wall of the nasopharaynx houses the __ which help defend the body against infection
pharyngeal tonsil or adenoids
this region of the pharynx is a continuation of the nasopharynx ; middle portion and begins at the soft palate
oropharynx
this region of the pharynx is a continuation of the oropharynx ; food and drink pass through this to the esophagus
laryngopharynx
commonly known as the voice box ; anterior part of the laryngopharynx and extends from the base of the tongue to the trachea ; it houses the ligaments used for speech an swallowing
larynx
if vocal folds become inflamed it is called __; the person loses his or her voice
laryngitis
two ligaments in larynx
vestibular or fake
vocal or true
commonly known as the windpipe ; allows air to flow into the lungs
trachea
the trachea is reinforced with 15-20 C shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage called
tracheal rings
the trachea divides to form 2 smaller tubes called
main bronchi or primary bronchi
this is an important landmark for reading xrays
carina
this consists of the trachea and the network of air tubes in the lungs
tracheobronchial tree
which side of the bronchus is larger
the right is larger than the left
what are the 4 classes of air passageways
lobar bronchi
semental bronchi
bronchioles
terminal bronchioles
secondary bronchi, arise directly from the main
bronchi
lobar bronchi
tertiary bronchi, supply subdivisions
within each lung lobe, which are called bronchopulmonary segments.
segmental bronchi
result from continued branching of the segmental
bronchi ; 1mm in diameter
bronchioles
arise from several subdivisions of
bronchioles ; have no cartilage
terminal bronchioles
occurs when the smooth muscle relaxes, making the bronchiole diameter larger
bronchodilation
occurs when the
smooth muscle contracts, making the bronchiole diameter smaller
bronchoconstriction
small, air-filled chambers
where the air and the blood come into close contact with each other
alveoli
what are the multiple levels of branching
respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
these have a few attached alveoli.
respiratory bronchioles
these arise from the respiratory bronchioles ; The alveolar ducts are like long, branching hallways with many open doorways. The “doorways” open into alveoli
alveolar ducts
are chambers connected to two or more alveoli at the
end of an alveolar duct.
alveolar sacs
how many alveoli are in the two lungs
300 million
the location of external respiration in the lungs
respiratory membrane
is the space enclosed by the thoracic wall and the diaphragm
diaphragm
the primary organs of respiration ; among the largest organs of the body
lungs
The portion of the
lungs in contact with the diaphragm is the
base
The portion of the lungs that extends
above the clavicle is called the
apex
The _ lung is larger than the _ and weighs an
average of 620 g, whereas the other lung weighs an average of 560 g.
right ; left
is an indentation on the medial surface of the lung. The hilum is
where structures, such as the main bronchus, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic
vessels, enter or exit the lung.
hilum
The lung lobes are separated by deep, prominent __ on the surface of the lung
fissures
The left lung also has a medial indentation
called the
cardiac notch
Blood that has passed through the lungs and picked up O2
is called
oxygenated blood
blood that has passed through the tissues and released some of its O2
is called
deoxygenated blood
what are the 2 lymphatic supplies to the lungs
superficial lymphatic vessels
deep lymphatic vessels
The __ are deep to the connective tissue that surrounds each lung, called the visceral pleura.
superficial lymphatic vessels
These vessels drain lymph from the bronchi and associated connective
tissues.
deep lymphatic vessels
these are lined with a serous membrane
pleural cavities
The serous membrane
that covers the inner thoracic wall, the superior surface of the diaphragm, and the mediastinum is called the
parietal pleura
the muscles that decrease thoracic volume by depressing the
ribs and sternum
muscles of expiration
muscles that act to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity
muscles of inspiration
the process of measuring volumes of air that move into and out of the respiratory system
spirometry
are the sum of two or more pulmonary volumes
pulmonary capacities
the tendency for the lungs to decrease in size after they are stretched.
lung recoil
