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NSG 10 > RESPIRATORY SYSTEM > Flashcards

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two aspects of respiration

A

ventilation
respiration

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2
Q

this is the visible structure that forms a prominent feature on the face

A

external nose

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3
Q

this is the open chamber inside the nose where air first enters the respiratory system

A

nasal cavity

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4
Q

the nasal cavity begins at the anterior external openings called

A

nares

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5
Q

it extends to posterior openings into the pharynx which are called

A

choanae

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6
Q

the floor of the nasal cavity is called the

A

hard palate

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7
Q

the nasal cavity is divided into right and left halves and these are separated by the

A

nasal septum

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8
Q

on each side of the nasal cavity there are three lateral bony rings called

A

conchae

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9
Q

within the superior and middle meatuses are opening from the various

A

paranasal sinuses

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10
Q

the nasal cavity also contains the opening of a

A

nasolacrimal duct

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11
Q

this is the inflammation of the mucous membrane of a sinus

A

sinusitis

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12
Q

this is the throat is the common opening of both digestive and the respiratory systems ; it receives air from the nasal cavity and receives air, food, and drink from the oral cavity

A

pharynx

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13
Q

what are the three regions of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

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14
Q

this region of the pharynx is the most superior portion of the pharynx ; it is superior to the soft palate

A

nasophayrnx

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15
Q

it is an incomplete partition composed of muscle and connective tissue

A

soft palate

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16
Q

the extension of the soft palate is known as the

A

uvula

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17
Q

the posterior wall of the nasopharaynx houses the __ which help defend the body against infection

A

pharyngeal tonsil or adenoids

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18
Q

this region of the pharynx is a continuation of the nasopharynx ; middle portion and begins at the soft palate

A

oropharynx

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19
Q

this region of the pharynx is a continuation of the oropharynx ; food and drink pass through this to the esophagus

A

laryngopharynx

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20
Q

commonly known as the voice box ; anterior part of the laryngopharynx and extends from the base of the tongue to the trachea ; it houses the ligaments used for speech an swallowing

A

larynx

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21
Q

if vocal folds become inflamed it is called __; the person loses his or her voice

A

laryngitis

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22
Q

two ligaments in larynx

A

vestibular or fake
vocal or true

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23
Q

commonly known as the windpipe ; allows air to flow into the lungs

A

trachea

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24
Q

the trachea is reinforced with 15-20 C shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage called

A

tracheal rings

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25
Q

the trachea divides to form 2 smaller tubes called

A

main bronchi or primary bronchi

26
Q

this is an important landmark for reading xrays

A

carina

27
Q

this consists of the trachea and the network of air tubes in the lungs

A

tracheobronchial tree

28
Q

which side of the bronchus is larger

A

the right is larger than the left

29
Q

what are the 4 classes of air passageways

A

lobar bronchi
semental bronchi
bronchioles
terminal bronchioles

30
Q

secondary bronchi, arise directly from the main
bronchi

A

lobar bronchi

31
Q

tertiary bronchi, supply subdivisions
within each lung lobe, which are called bronchopulmonary segments.

A

segmental bronchi

32
Q

result from continued branching of the segmental
bronchi ; 1mm in diameter

A

bronchioles

33
Q

arise from several subdivisions of
bronchioles ; have no cartilage

A

terminal bronchioles

34
Q

occurs when the smooth muscle relaxes, making the bronchiole diameter larger

A

bronchodilation

35
Q

occurs when the
smooth muscle contracts, making the bronchiole diameter smaller

A

bronchoconstriction

36
Q

small, air-filled chambers
where the air and the blood come into close contact with each other

A

alveoli

37
Q

what are the multiple levels of branching

A

respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs

38
Q

these have a few attached alveoli.

A

respiratory bronchioles

39
Q

these arise from the respiratory bronchioles ; The alveolar ducts are like long, branching hallways with many open doorways. The “doorways” open into alveoli

A

alveolar ducts

40
Q

are chambers connected to two or more alveoli at the
end of an alveolar duct.

A

alveolar sacs

41
Q

how many alveoli are in the two lungs

A

300 million

42
Q

the location of external respiration in the lungs

A

respiratory membrane

43
Q

is the space enclosed by the thoracic wall and the diaphragm

A

diaphragm

44
Q

the primary organs of respiration ; among the largest organs of the body

A

lungs

45
Q

The portion of the
lungs in contact with the diaphragm is the

A

base

46
Q

The portion of the lungs that extends
above the clavicle is called the

A

apex

47
Q

The _ lung is larger than the _ and weighs an
average of 620 g, whereas the other lung weighs an average of 560 g.

A

right ; left

48
Q

is an indentation on the medial surface of the lung. The hilum is
where structures, such as the main bronchus, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic
vessels, enter or exit the lung.

A

hilum

49
Q

The lung lobes are separated by deep, prominent __ on the surface of the lung

A

fissures

50
Q

The left lung also has a medial indentation
called the

A

cardiac notch

51
Q

Blood that has passed through the lungs and picked up O2
is called

A

oxygenated blood

52
Q

blood that has passed through the tissues and released some of its O2
is called

A

deoxygenated blood

53
Q

what are the 2 lymphatic supplies to the lungs

A

superficial lymphatic vessels
deep lymphatic vessels

54
Q

The __ are deep to the connective tissue that surrounds each lung, called the visceral pleura.

A

superficial lymphatic vessels

55
Q

These vessels drain lymph from the bronchi and associated connective
tissues.

A

deep lymphatic vessels

56
Q

these are lined with a serous membrane

A

pleural cavities

57
Q

The serous membrane
that covers the inner thoracic wall, the superior surface of the diaphragm, and the mediastinum is called the

A

parietal pleura

58
Q

the muscles that decrease thoracic volume by depressing the
ribs and sternum

A

muscles of expiration

58
Q

muscles that act to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity

A

muscles of inspiration

59
Q

the process of measuring volumes of air that move into and out of the respiratory system

A

spirometry

60
Q

are the sum of two or more pulmonary volumes

A

pulmonary capacities

61
Q

the tendency for the lungs to decrease in size after they are stretched.

A

lung recoil

NSG 10 (19 decks)

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