INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Question 1

consists of the skin and accessory structures, such as hair, glands, and nails

Answer 1

integumentary system

Question 2

major tissue layers of the skin

Answer 2

epidermis
dermis

Question 3

most superficial layer, layer of epithelial tissue that rests on dermis

Answer 3

epidermis

Question 4

stratified squamous epithelium, in deepest layers, new cells are produced by mitosis ; push older cells to surface

Answer 4

epidermis

Question 5

protect cells underneath

Answer 5

outermost cells

Question 6

replace cells lost from the surface

Answer 6

deeper cells

Question 7

during movement, cells change shape and chemical composition ; cells become filled with protein keratin, makes them more rigid durable

Answer 7

keratinization

Question 8

5 strata layers

Answer 8

strata corneum
strata lucidum
strata granulorum
strata spinorum
strata basale

Question 9

consists of cuboidal or columnar cells that undergo mitotic divisions every 19 days

Answer 9

stratum basale

Question 10

flattened appearance and accumulate lipid-filled vesicles called lamellar bodies

Answer 10

stratum spinorum

Question 11

flat and diamond shaped ; accumulate more keratin and release lamellar bodies’ contents to extracellular space

Answer 11

stratum granulorum

Question 12

thin, clear zone between stratum granulorum and stratum corneum ; present in certain areas of the body ; dont hve nuclei or nucleus

Answer 12

stratum lucidum

Question 13

most superficial stratum ; dead squamous cells filled with keratin ; coated and surrounded by lipids released from lamellar bodies of skin cells ; 25 or more layers of dead squamous cells

Answer 13

stratum corneum

Question 14

composed of dead collagenous connective tissue containing fibroblasts, adipocytes, and macrophages ; nerves, hair follicles, smooth muscles, glands, and lymphatic vessels extend here

Answer 14

dermis

Question 15

responsible for strength

Answer 15

collagen and elastic fibers

Question 16

collagen fibers oriented in some direction than in others ; most resistant to stretch along these lines

Answer 16

cleavage lines or tension lines

Question 17

skin is overstretched, dermis can be damaged leaving lines visible through the epidermis

Answer 17

stretch marks

Question 18

extend toward the epidermis ; contain many blood vessels ; supplies epidermis with nutrients, removes waste products, helps regulate body temperature

Answer 18

dermal papillae

Question 19

arranged in parallel, curving ridges that shape the overlying epidermis into patterns ; increase friction and improve the grip

Answer 19

friction ridges

Question 20

delivers material to the blood slowly ; administered by drawing the skin taut and inserting small needle at shallow angle

Answer 20

intradermal injection

Question 21

achieved by pinching skin to form ‘tent’, inserting a short needle into adipose tissue

Answer 21

subcutaneous injection

Question 22

faster than intradermal or subcu ; long needle at 90 degrees angle to the skin into a muscle deep to the subcutaneous tissue

Answer 22

intramuscular injection

Question 23

group of pigments primarily responsible for skin, hair, and eye color ; provides protection against ultraviolet light from the sun

Answer 23

melanin

Question 24

melanin is produced by

Answer 24

melanocytes

Question 25

genetic trait that causes deficiency or absence of melanin, resulting in fair skin, white hair, and etc

Answer 25

albinism

Question 26

irregularly shaped cells located between the stratum basale and stratum spinosum

Answer 26

melanocytes

Question 27

decrease in blood O2 content, bluish color

Answer 27

cyanosis

Question 28

congenital disorders of blood vessels

Answer 28

birthmarks

Question 29

yellow pigment in plants ; source of Vitamin A

Answer 29

carotene

Question 30

skin rests on this tissue ; not part of the skin but instead attached the skin to underlying bone and muscle ; supplies it with blood vessels and nerves

Answer 30

subcutaneous tissue

Question 31

loose connective tissue, adipose tissue that contains half the body's storied lipids

Answer 31

subcutaneous tissue

Question 32

functions as padding and insulation ; differences in appearance between male and female

Answer 32

adipose tissue

Question 33

used to estimate total body fat

Answer 33

subcutaneous tissue

Question 34

attached or embedded into the skin

Answer 34

accessory skin structures

Question 35

found everywhere on skin except palms, soles, lipids, nipples, parts of genitalia and distal segments of fingers and toes

Answer 35

hair

Question 36

each hair arises from this ; invagination of epidermis that extends deep into dermis ; important role in repair of skin

Answer 36

hair follicle

Question 37

protrudes above surface of skin

Answer 37

shaft

Question 38

below the surface of skin

Answer 38

root

Question 39

expanded base of root ; hair is produced here

Answer 39

hair bulb

Question 40

hard which surrounds the medulla ; covered by cuticle

Answer 40

cortex

Question 41

soft center

Answer 41

medulla

Question 42

single layer of overlapping cells that holds the hair in hair follicle

Answer 42

cuticle

Question 43

extension of dermis that protrudes into hair bulb ; blood vessels here supply hair bulb with nourishment needed to produce hair

Answer 43

hair papilla

Question 44

smooth muscle cells ; contraction = hair is more perpendicular

Answer 44

arrector pili

Question 45

stand on end ; raised area of skin

Answer 45

goosebumps

Question 46

simple, branched acinar glands ; connected by a duct to the superficial part of a hair follicle

Answer 46

sebaceous glands

Question 47

oily, white substance rich in lipids ; released by holocrine secretion and lubricates the hair and surface of skin which prevents drying and protects against bacteria

Answer 47

sebum

Question 48

two types of sweat glands

Answer 48

eccrine apocrine

Question 49

simple, coiled, tubular glands, and release sweat by melocrine secretion

Answer 49

eccrine

Question 50

simple, coiled, tubular glands that produce a thick secretion in organic substances

Answer 50

apocrine

Question 51

thin plate, consist of layers of dead stratum corneum cells that obtain a very hard type of keratine

Answer 51

nails

Question 52

visible part of the nail

Answer 52

nail body

Question 53

part covered by skin

Answer 53

nail root

Question 54

stratum corneum that extends into the nail body

Answer 54

cuticle

Question 55

nail root extends distally ; cell production = causes nails to grow

Answer 55

nail matrix

Question 56

nail attaches to underlying ; distal to matrix

Answer 56

nail bed

Question 57

small part of nail matrix ; seen through the nail body as whitish crescent shaped area

Answer 57

lunula

Question 58

yellowish skin color, occurs when liver is damaged by hepatitis

Answer 58

jaundice

Question 59

scarlet fever, allergic reactions

Answer 59

rashes

Question 60

injury to a tissue caused by heat, cold, friction, chemicals, electricity

Answer 60

burns

Question 61

part of stratum basale remains viable, regeneration of the epidermis occurs from within the burned area

Answer 61

partial thickness burns

Question 62

only epidermic, red, painful, edema or swelling may be present

Answer 62

first degree burn

Question 63

damage epidermis and dermis ; redness, pain, edema, blisters

Answer 63

second degree burn

Question 64

epidermis and dermis are completely destroyed

Answer 64

full thickness burns

Question 65

region is painless, sensory receptors destroyed

Answer 65

third degree burn

Question 66

extremely sever burns that affects tissue deeper than subcutaneous ; damage muscle, bones, and other tissues, painless and amputation may be needed

Answer 66

fourth degree burn