REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE Flashcards
the most conspicuous ligament which spreads out on both sides of the uterus and attaches to the ovaries and uterine tubes is the
broad ligament
females have two __ ; each is a small organ suspended in the pelvic cavity by two ligaments
ovaries
extends from each ovary to the lateral body wall
suspensory ligament
attaches the ovary to the superior margin of the uterus
ovarian ligament
the ovaries are attached to the posterior surface of the broad ligament by folds of peritoneum called the
mesovarium
the outer part of the ovary is composed of dense connective tissue and contains
ovarian follicles
each of the ovarian follicles contain an __ the female reproductive cell
oocyte
the process of gamete production in females is called ; it begins even before a female is born
oogenesis
by the fourth month of development, the ovaries contain 5million _, the cells from which oocytes develop
oogonia
this is associated with the ovary ; extend form the area of the ovaries to the uterus ; open directly into the peritoneal cavity near each ovary and receive secondary oocyte
uterine tube / fallopian tube / oviduct
the opening of each uterine tube is surrounded by long, thin processes called __ which nearly surround the surface of the ovary
fimbriae
fertilization usually occurs in the part of the uterine near the ovary called
ampulla
the fertilized oocyte then travels to the uterus, where it embeds in the uterine wall in a process called
implantation
is as big as a medium sized pear ; oriented in the pelvic cavity with the larger, rounded part directed superiorly
uterus
the part of the uterus superior to the entrance of the uterine tubes is called
fundus
the main part of the uterus is called the
body
the narrow part of the uterus which is directed inferiorly
cervix
internally, the uterine cavity in the fundus and uterine body continues through the cervix as the __ which opens into the vagina
cervical canal
what are the layers of the uterine wall
perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium
this layer of the uterus is formed from visceral peritoneum
perimetrium or serous layer
this layer of the uterus consists of simple columnar epithelial cells with an underlying connective tissue layer
endometrium
this layer of the uterus consists of smooth muscle, thick, and accounts for the bulk of the uterine wall
myometrium
is the female organ of copulation ; receives the penis during intercourse ; allows mens and child birth
vagina
in young females, the vaginal opening is covered by a thin mucous membrane called the
hymen
the external female genitalia also called __ consists of the vestibule and its surrounding structures
vulva
the space into which both the vagina and urethra open
vestibule
the vestibule is bordered by a pair of thin, longitudinal skin folds called the
labia minora
a small erectile structure called the __ is located in the anterior margin of the vestibule
clitoris
the two labia minora unite over the clitoris to form a fold of skin called the
prepuce
on each side of the vestibule, between the vaginal opening and the labia minora, are openings of the
greater vestibular glands
lateral to the labia minora are two prominent, rounded folds of skin called the
labia majora
the two labia majora unite anteriorly at an elevation of tissue over the pubic symphysis called the
mons pubis
the space between the labia major is called the
pudendal cleft
the __ is the region between the vagina and the anus
clinical perineum
to prevent tearing, an incision called __ is made in the clinical perineum
episiotomy
these are the organs of milk production and are located in the breasts
mammary glands
each of the breasts of both males and females has a raised __
nipple
the nipple is surrounded by a circular, pigmented area called the
areola
the breasts of a male can become permanently enlarged, a condition called
gynecomastia
each adult female breasts contains mammary glands consisting of usually 15-20 __ covered by adipose tissue
glandular lobes
each lobe possesses a single __ that opens independently to the surface of the nipple
lactiferous ducts
the duct of each lobe is formed as several smaller ducts, which originate from __ converge
lobules
in the milk producing mammary gland, the ends of these small ducts expand to form secretory sacs called
alveoli
these surround the alveoli and contract to expel milk from the alveoli
myoepithelial cells
the first episode of menstrual bleeding is called
menarche
this term refers to the series of changes that occur in sexually mature, nonpregnant females that result in menses
mesntrual cycle
is a period of mild hemorrhage during which part of the endometrium is sloughed and expelled from the uterus
menses
the time between the end of menses and ovulation is called
proliferative phase
the period after ovulation and before the next menses is the __
secretory phase
the rate of FSH and LH is low ; estrogen and progesterone is low ; menses
day 1 to 4/5 of the menstrual cycle
the rate of FSH and LH is slightly elevated ; increasing amounts of estrogen ; endometrial cells divide, thickening of endometrium
proliferative phase (day 4/5 until ovulation on about day 14)
rate of FSH and LH increases rapidly ; LH causes final maturation of a mature follicle and initiates ovulation ; the endometrium continues to divide
ovulation (day 14)
estrogen and progesterone levels are high enough to inhibit FSH and LH secretion ; follicle is converted to the corpus luteum and secretes large amounts of progesterone and small amounts of estrogen ; endometrial cells enlarge, secrete a small amount of fluid
secretory phase (day 14 to 28)
the rate of LH is low and FSH increases as progesterone levels decline ; estrogen and progesterone is low ; endometrial lining sloughs off, results in menses
menses (day 1 to 4/5 of the next menstrual cycle)
a condition in which endometrial tissue migrates from the lining of the uterus into the peritoneal cavity where it attaches to the surface of organs
endometriosis
results if implantation occurs anywhere other than in the uterine cavity ; most common site is uterine tube
ectopic pregnancy
the cessation of the menstrual cycle is called
menopause
the whole time period from the onset of irregular cycles to their complete cessation is called the female
climacteric
stimulation of the female’s genitals during sexual intercourse and psychological stimuli normally trigger an
orgasm
after the sex act, there is a period of __ which is characterized by an overall sense of satisfaction and relaxation
resolution
procedures or devices used to prevent pregnancy
birth control methods or contraception methods
what are the types of long lasting reversible contraception
IUD
birth control implant
is a type of long lasting reversible contraception that is placed in a female’s uterus through the cervix
intrauterine device (IUD)
two types of IUD
copper IUD
synthetic progesterone or LNG-IUDs
is a type of long lasting reversible contraception and a small capsule containing etonogestrel or synthetic progesterone which is placed under the skin of the upper arm
implant
types of permanent methods of BC
female sterilization
male sterilization
in females, the most common permanent BC is __ where the uterine tubes are blocked or cut
tubal ligation
the permanent form of BC in males is ___ where the ductus deferens is cut or blocked
vasectomy
what are the types of hormonal methods of BC
injectables
pills
patch and vaginal ring
what are the types of barrier methods of BC
female condom
male condom
diaphragm
what are the types of fertility awareness based methods of BC
standard days method
two day method
