CELL STRUCTURES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Question 1

smallest units of life

Answer 1

cells

Question 2

chemical reactions that occur within cells

Answer 2

cell metabolism

Question 3

outermost component, encloses cytoplasm and forms the boundary between material components

Answer 3

cell membrane

Question 4

structure of the plasma membrane, phospholipids form a double layer of molecules

Answer 4

fluid mosaic

Question 5

O2 and CO2, pass directly through phospholips bilayer

Answer 5

cell membrane passage

Question 6

movement of substance into and out of the cell

Answer 6

membrane transport

Question 7

two methods of membrane transport

Answer 7

active and passive

Question 8

no energy required

Answer 8

passive transport

Question 9

require energy (ATP)

Answer 9

active transport

Question 10

solute tends to move to an area where it is in higher concentration - low concentration

Answer 10

diffusion

Question 11

types of diffusion

Answer 11

simple diffusion
osmosis
facilitated diffusion
filtration

Question 12

unasisted, solutes are lipid soluble materials

Answer 12

simple diffusion

Question 13

simple diffusion of water, highly polar waste easily crosses plasma membrane

Answer 13

osmosis

Question 14

substances require a protein carrier for passive transport

Answer 14

facilitated diffusion

Question 15

water and solutes are forced through a membrane by fluid or pressure

Answer 15

filtration

Question 16

classes of cell membrane channels

Answer 16

leak channels and gated channels

Question 17

allow ions to pass through

Answer 17

leack channels

Question 18

limit the movement of ions across the membrane

Answer 18

gated channels

Question 19

force required to prevent the movement of water

Answer 19

osmotic pressure

Question 20

types of osmosis

Answer 20

hyptonic
isotonic
hypertonic

Question 21

has a lower concentration of solute and higher concentration of water

Answer 21

hyptonic

Question 22

concentrations of various solutes and water are the same on both sides

Answer 22

isotonic

Question 23

higher concentration of solutes and lower concentration of water

Answer 23

hypertonic

Question 24

mediated trasnport process, involving membrane proeins such as channels or carrier protein to move substance across the cell membrane

Answer 24

facilitated diffusion

Question 25

utilizes memebrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane

Answer 25

active transport

Question 26

the malfunctions of active transport can lead to serious health conditions

Answer 26

cystic fibrosis

Question 27

involves the active transport of one substance across the cell membrane, establishing a concentration agent which provides energy for moving a second substances

Answer 27

secondary active transport

Question 28

diffusing subtance moves in the same direction

Answer 28

cotransport

Question 29

diffusing substance moves in a direction opposite

Answer 29

countertransport

Question 30

uptake of material through the cell membrane by the formation of a vesicle

Answer 30

endocytosis

Question 31

often used for endocytosis when said particles are ingested

Answer 31

phagocytosis

Question 32

much smaller vesicles are formed, contain liquid rather than solid

Answer 32

pinocytosis

Question 33

release of substances from the cell through the fusion of a vesicle with the cell membrane

Answer 33

exocytosis

Question 34

stages of mitosis

Answer 34

interphase prophase metaphase anaphase telophase

Question 35

located at the center of the cell, contains genetic materials or DNA

Answer 35

nucleus

Question 36

3 regions of nucleus

Answer 36

nuclear envelops chromatin nucleoli

Question 37

acts as a barrier of the nucleus, has a phospholipid membrane and nuclear pores

Answer 37

nuclear envelope

Question 38

condenses to form chromosomes when the cell divides

Answer 38

chromatin

Question 39

diffuse bodies with no surrounding membrane, found within the nucleus

Answer 39

nucleoli

Question 40

where proteins are produced, may be attached to other organelles

Answer 40

ribosomes

Question 41

series of membranes forming sacs and tubules

Answer 41

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 42

attached w ribosomes

Answer 42

rouch endoplasmic reticulum

Question 43

without ribosomes

Answer 43

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 44

golgi complex, closely packed stacks of curved membrane-bound sacs, collect, modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids

Answer 44

golgi apparatus

Question 45

small membrane bound sac that transport or stores meterials, pinch off form golgi apparatus

Answer 45

secretory vesicles

Question 46

membrane bound vesicles formed from the golgi apparatus, contain a variety of enzymes that function as intracellular digestive systems

Answer 46

lysosomes

Question 47

small membrane bound vesicles containing enzymes that break down fatty acids, amino acids, and hydrogen peroxide

Answer 47

peroxisomes

Question 48

small organelles with inner and outer membranes separated by a space, powerhouse of the cells, carries out reactions, provides ATP

Answer 48

mitochondria

Question 49

folds in inner membranes

Answer 49

cristae

Question 50

internal framework of the cell, consists of protein structures that support the cell, holds organelle in place and enable the cell to change shape

Answer 50

cytoskeleton

Question 51

protein structures

Answer 51

microtubulues microfilaments intermediate filaments

Question 52

hollow structures formed from protein subunits

Answer 52

microtubules

Question 53

small fibrils formed from protein subunits that structurally support

Answer 53

microfilaments

Question 54

fibrils that structurally support (smaller)

Answer 54

intermediate fibrils

Question 55

centrosome is a specialized area of cytoplasm close to the nucleus where microtubule formation occurs

Answer 55

centrioles

Question 56

project from the face of cells, vary in number, capable of mmoving, cylindrical structures, numerous on surface cells

Answer 56

cilia

Question 57

extensions of the cell membrane supported by mirofilaments, not actively move as cilia and flagella do, abundant on surface cells that line the kidney and intestine

Answer 57

microvilli

Question 58

process by which information stored in the genes of DNA molecules directs the manufacture of the various proteins of our cells

Answer 58

gene expression

Question 59

sequences of nucleotides that provide a chemical set of intructions

Answer 59

genes

Question 60

occurs in the nucleus, information stored in a region of the DNA is ised to produce a complementary mRNA

Answer 60

transcription

Question 61

nucleotide sequence of the molecule is ised to determine the composition of a polypeptide chain, precursor to protein

Answer 61

translation

Question 62

groups of three nucelotides, each specifies a particular amino acid, 64 possible mRNA, 20 amino acids

Answer 62

codons