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NSG 10 > REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: MALE REPRODUCTIVE > Flashcards

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: MALE REPRODUCTIVE Flashcards

1
Q

the testes in males and the ovaries in females produce __ or reproductive cells

A

gametes

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2
Q

the formation of gametes in males and females occurs by a type of cell division called

A

meiosis

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3
Q

before meiosis begins, all the chromosome in these cells are duplicated, creating identical copies of each chromosome, called __

A

chromatids

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4
Q

during meiosis, one cell divides twice to produce _ daughter cells

A

4

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5
Q

during the first division of meiosis, the number of chromosomes in each cell is reduced from 46 to

A

23 total chromosomes

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6
Q

the two divisions of meiosis are called

A

meiosis 1 and 2

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7
Q

the male reproductive system consists of

A

testes
series of ducts including the epididymides
ducta deferentia
urethra
accessory glands (seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, and supporting structures which are the penis and scrotum)

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8
Q

this supporting structure is a saclike structure containing the testes ; it is divided into right and left internal compartments by an incomplete connective tissue septum

A

scrotum

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9
Q

the wall of the scrotum includes the skin, a layer of loose connective tissue, and a layer of smooth muscle called the __ which contracts during cold temperatures

A

dartos muscle

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10
Q

these muscles are the extensions of abdominal skeletal muscles which are extensions of abdominal skeletal muscles into the scrotum, contract and pull the testes nearer the body

A

cremaster muscles

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11
Q

component of the repro system which is also called male gonads ; oval organs each about 4-5cm long, within the scrotum

A

testes

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12
Q

the lobules contain __ which is the site of sperm cell development

A

seminiferous tubules

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13
Q

located outside the seminiferous tubules are endocrine cells called

A

interstitial cells or leydig cells

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14
Q

the formation of sperm cells

A

spermatogenesis

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15
Q

the seminiferous tubules contain two types of cells called

A

germ cells
sustentacular cells or sertoli cells

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16
Q

this kind of cell in the seminiferous tubule are the ones that divide and differentiate during spermatogenesis to form sperm cells

A

germ cells

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17
Q

this kind of cell in the seminiferous tubule are large and extend from the periphery to the lumen of the seminiferous tubule ; they nourish the germ cells and produce a number of hormones

A

sustentacular cells

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18
Q

just anterior to the nucleus is a vesicle called the _ which contains enzymes that are released during the process of fertilization and are necessary for the sperm cell to penetrate the oocyte or egg cell

A

acrosome

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19
Q

after their production, sperm cells are transported through the seminiferous tubules and a series of _ to the exterior of the body

A

ducts

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20
Q

the seminiferous tubules of each testis converge into a tubular network called the

A

rete testis

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21
Q

the rete testis empties into 15-20 tubules called the

A

efferent tubules

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22
Q

the efferent ductules carry sperm cells from the testis to a tightly coiled series of threadlike tubules that form a comma shaped structure on the posterior side of the testis called

A

epididymis

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23
Q

final changes in sperm cells, called __ occur after ejaculation of semen into the vagina and prior to fertilization

A

capacitation

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24
Q

it is a tube that carries sperm from the testis into the body cavity of the male ; the total length is about 45cm

A

ductus deferens or vas deferens

25
Q

the ductus deferens emerges from the epididymis and ascends along the posterior side of the testis where it becomes associated with the blood vessels and nerves that supply the testis to form the

A

spermatic cord

26
Q

near its end, the ductus deferens increases in diameter to become the

A

ampulla of the ductus deferens

27
Q

near the ampulla of each ductus deferens is a sac-shaped gland called the

A

seminal vesicle

28
Q

the ducts form the seminal vesicle and the ampulla of the ductus deferens joins at the prostate gland to form the ; each enters the prostate gland and joins the urethra

A

ejaculatory duct

29
Q

the __ extends from the urinary bladder to the distal end of the penis

A

male urethra

30
Q

three parts of male urethra

A

prostatic urethra
membranous urethra
spongy urethra

31
Q

this part of the urethra passes through the prostate gland

A

prostatic urethra

32
Q

this part of the urethra passes through the floor of the pelvis and is surrounded by the external urinary sphincter

A

membranous urethra

33
Q

this part of the urethra extends the length of the penis and opens at its end

A

spongy urethra

34
Q

this is the male organ of copulation and functions in the transfer of sperm cells from the male to the female

A

penis

35
Q

the penis contains 3 columns of erectile tissue

A

2 corpora cavernosa
1 corpus spongiosum

36
Q

engorgement of this erectile tissue with blood causes the penis to enlarge and become firm, a process called

A

erection

37
Q

two columns of erectile tissue form the dorsal portion and the sides of the penis are called the

A

corpora cavernosa

38
Q

the third, smaller erectile column occupies the ventral portion of the penis and is called the

A

corpus spongiosum

39
Q

the corpus spongiosum expands over the distal end of the penis to form a cap, which is called the

A

glans penis

40
Q

the spongy urethra passes through the corpus spongiosum including the glans penis and opens to the exterior as the

A

external urethral office

41
Q

a loose fold of skin, called the __ covers the glans penis is well supplied with sensory receptors

A

prepuce or foreskin

42
Q

it is the surgical removal of the prepuce, usually shortly after birth

A

circumcision

43
Q

consists of both glandular and muscular tissue and is about the size and shape of a walnut ; surrounds the urethra and the two ejaculatory ducts, consists of a capsule and numerous partitions

A

prostate gland

44
Q

are a pair of small, mucus secreting gland located near the base of the penis

A

bulbourethral glands or cowper glands

45
Q

a mixture of sperm cells and secretion form the male reproductive glands

A

semen

46
Q

the normal volume of semen is

A

2-5 milliliters with 100 million sperm cells each mL

47
Q

what are the functions of seminal vesicles

A

nourishment of sperm cells
coagulation of semen
movement of sperm cells

48
Q

the time period during which individuals become capable of sexual reproduction

A

puberty

49
Q

the major male hormone secreted by the testes ; influences reproductive organs and nonreproductive structures

A

testosterone

50
Q

are those structural and behavioral changes other than in the reproductive organs, that develop at puberty and distinguish males from females

A

secondary sexual characteristics

51
Q

is the movement of sperm cells, mucus, prostatic secretions, and seminal vesicle secretion into the prostatic, membranous, and spongy urethra ; stimulated by sympathetic action potentials

A

emission

52
Q

the forceful expulsion of the secretions that have accumulated in the urethra to the exterior ; results from contraction of smooth muscle in the wall of the urethra and skeletal muscles surrounding the base of the penis

A

ejaculation

53
Q

sensations, normally interpreted as pleasurable, occur during the male sex act and result in an intense sensation called an

A

orgasm or climax

54
Q

this phase occurs after ejaculation ; penis becomes flaccid, an overall feeling of satisfaction exists, and the male is unable to achieve erection and a second ejaculation

A

resolution

55
Q

when this occurs, the penis becomes enlarged and rigid ; the first major component of the male sex act

A

erection

56
Q

blood then fills small venous sinuses called __ in the erectile tissue

A

sinusoids

57
Q

failure to achieve erections or ___ can be a major source of frustration

A

erectile dysfunction or impotence

58
Q

the inability or the reduced ability to produce offspring

A

infertility

59
Q

fertility can be achieved by collecting several ejaculations and concentrating the sperm cells before inserting them into the female reproductive tract, a process called

A

artificial insemination

NSG 10 (19 decks)

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