Tissue Level of Organization Flashcards
A tissue is a group of _____ working together to perform a ________ ________.
cells, specific function
What are the 4 main types of tissue?
Epithelial, connective, muscle & neural
Epithelial tissue is a continuous _____ of closely bound cells.
sheet
What are the 3 possible shapes of epithelial tissue?
squamous (long & thin), cuboidal (squares), columnar (tall & thin)
What are the 3 possible arrangements of epithelial tissue?
simple (1 layer), stratified (multiple layers), pseudostratified (1 layer that looks like many)
Where can you find simple squamous epithelial cells?
Alveoli, capillaries & serous membranes (very thin & permeable).
Where can you find stratified squamous epithelial cells?
Skin, mouth, esophagus, etc. (areas often exposed to abrasion or trauma).
Where can you find simple cuboidal epithelial cells?
Kidneys, thyroid.
Where can you find stratified cuboidal epithelial cells?
Sweat glands.
Where can you find simple columnar epithelial cells?
Digestive system (stomach & intestines), female reproductive system.
Where can you find stratified columnar epithelial cells?
Salivary glands.
Where can you find pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells?
Urethra, trachea, bronchi, male reproductive system.
__________ epithelial cells can change shape.
Transitional.
Where can you find transitional epithelial cells?
Bladder, uterus & other structures that often stretch/extend.
The ______ side of epithelial tissue is exposed to an internal or external environment.
apical
Epithelial tissue is rich in _______ ______ but has no _____ _______.
Sensory nerves (well innervated), blood vessels (avascular).
How do epithelial tissue get their nutrients if they don’t have blood vessels?
Nutrients are diffused or absorbed from the apical or basilar surface.
What are the 4 functions of epithelial tissue?
- Protect underlying surfaces (stratified squamous).
- Control permeability (simple squamous).
- Provides sensation.
- Produces secretions (glandular epithelia).
Where can you generally find epithelial tissue?
Covers all exposed surfaces, internal passages, hollow organs, cavities & ducts.
What are the 3 components of connective tissue?
Cells, extracellular fibres & ground substance.
What are the 3 types of extracellular fibres in connective tissue?
Collagen, elastic fibres & reticular fibres.
_____________ ______ and ______ _________ make up the matrix between cells.
Extracellular fibres, ground substance.
What are the 4 functions of connective tissue?
- Provide structure to the body.
- Transport (blood).
- Supports & protects organs (bone).
- Interconnects other types of tissues.
What are the 6 different types of connective tissue?
Loose, dense (connective tissue proper).
Blood, lymph (fluid connective tissue).
Cartilage, bone (supporting connective tissue).
Where can you generally find connective tissue?
Everywhere in the body, between other tissue.
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal, cardiac & smooth.
Is skeletal muscle tissue mono- or multi-nucleated?
Multinucleated.
Skeletal muscles are usually under _________ control.
voluntary
Is skeletal muscle tissue striated or non-striated?
Striated (due to actin & myosin).
Are cardiac muscle tissues mono- or multi-nucleated?
Mononucleated.
Is cardiac muscle tissue striated or non-striated?
Striated.
Cardiac muscle cells are under ___________ control and the heart has its own _________.
involuntary, pacemaker
Is smooth muscle tissue mono- or multi-nucleated?
Mononucleated.
Is smooth muscle tissue striated or non-striated?
Non-striated.
Smooth muscles are usually under ___________ control.
involuntary
What are 3 functions of muscle tissue?
Movement, heat & posture.
Where is skeletal muscle tissue found?
Anywhere there is movement.
Where is cardiac muscle tissue found?
The heart.
Where can smooth muscle tissue be found?
Around hollow organs (bladder, stomach, bowel) & passageways to the exterior (respiratory & digestive tracts).
What is neural tissue made out of?
Neurons.
What is the function of neural tissue?
Transmits electrical impulses between different regions of the body.
Where can you find neural tissue?
Throughout the entire body.
Membranes are made up of a layer of __________ tissue over a layer of __________ tissue.
epithelial, connective
What are the 4 types of membranes in our bodies?
Mucous, serous, cutaneous & synovial membranes.
Where can you find mucous membranes?
Respiratory & GI tract.
What types of tissue are mucous membranes made of?
Simple columnar epithelial cell & loose connective tissue.
Where can you find serous membranes?
Ventral body cavity (parietal) & organs (visceral).
What types of tissue are serous membranes made out of?
Simple squamous epithelial cells & loose connective tissue.
What is the main cutaneous membrane in the body?
Skin.
What is cutaneous membrane made of?
Stratified squamous epithelial cells & dense connective tissue.
Where can you find synovial membranes?
Lining of joint cavities.
What are the 3 types of cartilage?
Hyaline, elastic & fibrous.
