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NURS 106 > Articulations > Flashcards

Articulations Flashcards

1
Q

Fibrous joints consist of layers of ____ ____ tissue

A

dense connective

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2
Q

Cartilaginous joints allow ____ movement and consist of bones connected by:

A

minimal, fibro- or hyaline cartilage (e.g. sternal angle, symphysis pubis)

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3
Q

In cartilaginous joints, bones are bound by:

A

Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage (eg. rib attachment to sternum by costal cartilage)

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4
Q

Symphyses are cartilaginous joints bones bound by:

A

Fibrocartilage (e.g. intervertebral disc and pubic symphysis)

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5
Q

Synovial joints allow ____ movement and are separated by a ____ ____

A

free, synovial cavity

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6
Q

Where is articular cartilage located?

A

The surfaces of bones where they come together to form synovial joints

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7
Q

What are the 2 layers of the articular capsule?

A

Outer layer: Fibrous capsule

Inner layer: Synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid

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8
Q

Describe a planar/gliding joint

A
  • Bone surfaces are flat
  • Gliding movements: side to side
  • (e.g. intercarpal/intertarsal)
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9
Q

Describe a hinge joint

A
  • Convex bone fits into concave bone
  • Monoaxial
  • (e.g. knee, elbow)
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10
Q

Describe a pivot joint

A
  • Round bone articulates with ring bone
  • Rotating bone turns around an axis
  • (e.g. radioulnar, atlanto-axial)
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11
Q

Describe a saddle joint

A
  • Bone rides a saddle shaped bone
  • Biaxial
  • (e.g. carpometacarpal of thumb)
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12
Q

Describe a condyloid/ellipsoidal joint

A
  • Oval shaped projection fits into oval depression
  • Biaxial
  • (e.g. wrist, ankle)
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13
Q

Describe a ball and socket joint

A
  • Ball shaped process fits into cup-shaped socket
  • Multiaxial
  • (e.g. shoulder, hip joint)
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14
Q

How much movement do synovial joints allow?

A

Freely movable

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15
Q

What is hyperextension?

A

Extension beyond anatomical position (over 180 degrees)

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16
Q

Define biaxial

A

movement in two planes; ribs and wrist

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17
Q

Define triaxial

A

movement in three planes; shoulder, hip

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18
Q

Describe inversion

A

turning the sole of the foot inward

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19
Q

Describe eversion

A

turning the sole of the foot outward

20
Q

Describe dorsiflexion

A

bending of the foot or the toes upward while the ankle digs into the surface

21
Q

Describe plantarflexion

A

point toes down while heel moves up

22
Q

Describe opposition

A

movement of the thumb to touch the fingertips

23
Q

Describe reposition

A

moving to its normal location or other suitable location all or a portion of a body part

24
Q

Describe protraction

A

moving a body part forward, anterior in a horizontal plane

25
Q

Describe retraction

A

moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground

26
Q

Describe depression

A

the lowering of the mandible

27
Q

Describe elevation

A

raising a body part (e.g. mandible, shoulders)

28
Q

Describe lateral flexion

A

bends vertebral column from side to side

29
Q

Describe pronation

A

movement that turns the palm down

30
Q

Describe supination

A

movement that turns the palm up

31
Q

What are the angular movements?

A

flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, circumduction

32
Q

What type of joint is synarthrosis?

A

Immovable joint

33
Q

What type of joint is synostosis?

A

Bony joints

34
Q

What type of joint is amphiarthrosis?

A

Slightly movable joint

35
Q

What type of joint is gomphosis?

A

attachment of a tooth to its socket (a type of fibrous joint)

36
Q

What is syndesmosis?

A

two bones united by interosseous ligaments, found in between the tibia and fibula, and middle ear

37
Q

What is chondrosis?

A

Cartilage deterioration

38
Q

What is a chondroma?

A

Benign tumor of cartilage

39
Q

Define a joint

A

Joints permit movement and are the point of contact between:

  • Bone and bone
  • Cartilage and bone
  • Teeth and bone
40
Q

What is the function of a fibrous joint?

A

Hold the bones tightly together (e.g. cranial sutures)

41
Q

What is the function of the articular cartilage?

A

Reduce friction and shock

42
Q

What does the synovial cavity contain?

A

Articular cartilage and articular capsule

43
Q

Define monoaxial

A

Movement in one plane; elbow, ankle

44
Q

Joints can either be _____ classified or ____ classified

A

structurally, functionally

45
Q

Structural classification of bones is dependent on:

A

Presence of space between bones and type of connective tissue holding bones together

46
Q

Functional classification of bones is dependent on:

A

Range of movement

NURS 106 (22 decks)

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