The Digestive System Flashcards
The majority of the epithelium in the digestive tract is made of ______ __________ epithelial cells.
simple columnar.
Which parts of the digestive system are stratified squamous epithelial cells found in?
Oral cavity, esophagus & anus.
Lamina propria is a thin layer of:
loose connective tissue.
The muscularis mucosa is a thin layer of ______ ______ for _______.
smooth muscle; folding.
What is the submucosa?
Loose connective tissue containing blood vessels, glands & lymphatic tissues.
What is Meissner’s plexus has a _______ function.
sensory.
Which structures in the digestive tract are under voluntary control?
Mouth, pharynx, upper esophagus & anus.
Meissner’s plexus is responsible for sympathetic & parasympathetic innervation of:
smooth muscle layers.
What are the 2 types of smooth muscle fibres found in the digestive system?
Inner circular fibres & outer longitudinal fibres.
Where is the Auerbach’s plexus located?
The muscularis.
Where is Meissner’s plexus located?
The submucosa.
The peritoneum secretes a slippery fluid called:
transudate.
What are mesenteries?
Fused double sheets of peritoneal membrane.
What are the 2 functions of mesenteries?
Stabilize the position of organs & blood vessels.
Provide attachment for blood vessels going to & from the small intestine.
The mesentery proper suspends everything but the:
duodenum.
The transverse mesocolon is attached to the:
transverse colon.
The lesser omentum is the mesentery between the:
stomach & liver.
The greater omentum extends from the _______ & covers the rest of the abdominal organs on the ________ surface.
stomach; anterior.
The lips & cheeks contain the ___________ muscle.
buccinator.
Which structures make up the roof of the oral cavity?
Hard palate, soft palate & uvula.
What structure makes up the floor of the oral cavity?
The tongue.
Describe the 3 salivary glands that have ducts emptying into the oral cavity.
Parotid glands: anterior & inferior to the ear (partially overlying the masseter muscle).
Submandibular glands: inferior to the body of the mandible.
Sublingual glands: inferior to the tongue.
Describe the located of the esophagus relative to the vertebrae, trachea & diaphragm.
In front of (anterior to) vertebrae.
Posterior to trachea.
Pierces the diaphragm at the hiatus.
The submucosa of the esophagus is composed of:
large mucous glands.
The upper 1/3 of the esophagus’ muscularis is:
skeletal muscle.
The middle 1/3 of the esophagus’ muscularis is composed of:
a mix of smooth & skeletal muscle.
The lower 1/3 of the esophagus’ muscularis is composed of:
smooth muscle.
What are the names and locations of the esophagus’ 2 sphincters?
- Superior: cricopharyngeal (near larynx).
2. Inferior: gastroesophageal/cardiac (near heart, at the junction of esophagus and stomach).
What is GERD?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease: lower esophageal sphincter fails to close so stomach acids enter esophagus (“heartburn”).
Describe the 4 parts of the stomach.
Cardia: small, narrow entryway.
Fundus: dome-shaped, elevated portion.
Body: large portion.
Pylorus: narrow, medially directed.
Indented depressions in the stomach are called:
gastric pits.
What are the 3 layers of smooth muscle muscularis in the stomach?
Outer longitudinal.
Circular.
Inner oblique.
What is the stomach serosa composed of?
Simple squamous epithelium over a bit of connective tissue.
Describe the 2 areas of gastric mucosa that secrete gastric juice.
Oxyntic mucosa: lines body & fundus of stomach.
Pyloric gland area: lines antrum.
Describe the 3 types of gastric exocrine secretory cells.
Mucous cells: secrete thin, watery mucous.
Chief cells: secrete enzyme precursor, pepsinogen.
Parietal (oxyntic cells): secrete HCl & intrinsic factor.
What are 3 functions of HCl in the stomach?
- Activates pepsinogen to pepsin.
- Breaks down connective tissues & muscle fibres into smaller particles.
- Kills most microorganisms.
