The Integumentary System Flashcards
What are the two layers of the cutaneous membrane?
Epidermis & dermis
What type of cells make up the epidermis?
Stratified squamous epithelial cells
What are 4 general functions of the integumentary system?
- Protect the body from environment
- Excretion of salts, water and waste
- Thermoregulation
- Sensory receptors detect general senses
What are the general senses?
Touch, pressure, pain, vibration and temperature
What are the 3 functions of the epidermis?
- Protect the dermis and prevent water loss + entry of pathogens
- Synthesizes vitamin D3
- Detects general senses
Thin skin contains _ layers of ____
4, keratinocytes
Thick skin contains _ layers, the last layer is called ___ ____
5, stratum lucidium
Fingerprints are determined by this structure of the skin:
Epidermal ridges
What are the four types of cells in the epidermis?
Keratinocytes, melanocytes, merkel cells, and langerhans cells
Name the layers of thick skin from most superficial to deepest
- Stratum corneum
- Stratum lucidium
- Stratum granulosim
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum basal
- Dermis
What do keratinocytes contain?
Keratin (fibrous protein)
What are the 3 functions of keratinocytes?
- Thickening and toughening of the skin
- Repel water
- Structural component of hair and nails
What do melanocytes contain?
Melanin
What is the function of melanin?
Protect the skin from UV rays
What is the function of a merkel cell?
Sensation
What are the functions of Langerhans cells?
Immune response
The ____ membrane separates the epidermis and the dermis
basement
Keratinocytes are bound together by:
Desmosomes
The stratum basale contains these cells:
Basal cells (stem cells), melanocytes, and merkel cells
Subcutaneous tissues is ____ ____ tissue and _____ (fat)
loose connective, adipocytes
What are the functions of the subcutaneous tissue?
- Stabilizes position of skin to underlying tissue
- Store fat
The dermis contains two layers from top to bottom:
Papillary layer, reticular layer
What is the function of the papillary layer?
Nourish and support epidermis with capillaries through diffusion
What is the function of the reticular layer?
Detect general senses and assist with thermoregulation
What are the three accessory structures of the integumentary system?
- Hair follicles
- Exocrine glands
- Nails
Hair follicles can be found in:
Subcutaneous tissue and epidermis
Hair follicles grow from:
Root to shaft
What are the functions of hair follicles?
- Sensory input
- Protect ears, scalp, and nose
What are the two types of exocrine glands?
Sebaceous and sweat glands
Sebaceous glands secrete ____ onto skin and hair shaft
sebum
Sebaceous glands found in skin are called ____ ____
Sebaceous follicles
Sebaceous glands found in the hair shafr are called ____ ____ ____
typical sebaceous glands
The function of sebum is:
Lubricate and provide antibacterial protection to skin
The two types of sweat glands are:
Apocrine and merocrine sweat glands
The two types of apocrine sweat glands are:
Ceruminous (earwax producing) and mammary glands
Apocrine sweat glands secrete ____ secretions
thick
Apocrine sweat glands are found in:
Armpits, groin, nipples, and outer ears
Ceruminous glands secrete ____ ____ into the ear canal
waxy cerumen
Mammary glands are responsible for:
Milk production
Merocrine sweat glands can be found:
All over the body
Merocrine sweat glands secrete ____ secretions
thin
The general functions of merocrine sweat glands are:
Thermoregulation & excretion
The general function of nails are:
Protect tips of digits, especially under mechanical stress
Nails grow from:
Root through nail body to free edge
Three changes in nail appearances are:
- Pallor
- Cyanosis
- Clubbing
Describe polycythemia
Excessive amount of red blood cells which cause the blood to thicken
Blood vessels dilating will cause the skin to:
Redden and release heat
Blood vessels constricting will cause the skin to:
Pale and conserve heat (can lead to shock, anemia)
Name four skin disorders discussed in class:
Jaundice, pituitary tumor, Addison’s disease, and vitiligo
Describe Jaundice
Caused by excess bile produced by liver which causes skin and whites of eyes to turn yellow
Describe pituitary tumors
Caused by excess MSH which increases production of melanin
Describe Addison’s disease
Pituitary gland releases excess ACTH
Describe Vitiligo
Loss of melanocytes which cause loss of color in skin
