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NURS 106 > The Integumentary System > Flashcards

The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two layers of the cutaneous membrane?

A

Epidermis & dermis

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2
Q

What type of cells make up the epidermis?

A

Stratified squamous epithelial cells

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3
Q

What are 4 general functions of the integumentary system?

A
  • Protect the body from environment
  • Excretion of salts, water and waste
  • Thermoregulation
  • Sensory receptors detect general senses
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4
Q

What are the general senses?

A

Touch, pressure, pain, vibration and temperature

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5
Q

What are the 3 functions of the epidermis?

A
  • Protect the dermis and prevent water loss + entry of pathogens
  • Synthesizes vitamin D3
  • Detects general senses
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6
Q

Thin skin contains _ layers of ____

A

4, keratinocytes

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7
Q

Thick skin contains _ layers, the last layer is called ___ ____

A

5, stratum lucidium

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8
Q

Fingerprints are determined by this structure of the skin:

A

Epidermal ridges

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9
Q

What are the four types of cells in the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, merkel cells, and langerhans cells

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10
Q

Name the layers of thick skin from most superficial to deepest

A
  • Stratum corneum
  • Stratum lucidium
  • Stratum granulosim
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum basal
  • Dermis
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11
Q

What do keratinocytes contain?

A

Keratin (fibrous protein)

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12
Q

What are the 3 functions of keratinocytes?

A
  • Thickening and toughening of the skin
  • Repel water
  • Structural component of hair and nails
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13
Q

What do melanocytes contain?

A

Melanin

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14
Q

What is the function of melanin?

A

Protect the skin from UV rays

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15
Q

What is the function of a merkel cell?

A

Sensation

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16
Q

What are the functions of Langerhans cells?

A

Immune response

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17
Q

The ____ membrane separates the epidermis and the dermis

A

basement

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18
Q

Keratinocytes are bound together by:

A

Desmosomes

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19
Q

The stratum basale contains these cells:

A

Basal cells (stem cells), melanocytes, and merkel cells

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20
Q

Subcutaneous tissues is ____ ____ tissue and _____ (fat)

A

loose connective, adipocytes

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21
Q

What are the functions of the subcutaneous tissue?

A
  • Stabilizes position of skin to underlying tissue

- Store fat

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22
Q

The dermis contains two layers from top to bottom:

A

Papillary layer, reticular layer

23
Q

What is the function of the papillary layer?

A

Nourish and support epidermis with capillaries through diffusion

24
Q

What is the function of the reticular layer?

A

Detect general senses and assist with thermoregulation

25
Q

What are the three accessory structures of the integumentary system?

A
  • Hair follicles
  • Exocrine glands
  • Nails
26
Q

Hair follicles can be found in:

A

Subcutaneous tissue and epidermis

27
Q

Hair follicles grow from:

A

Root to shaft

28
Q

What are the functions of hair follicles?

A
  • Sensory input

- Protect ears, scalp, and nose

29
Q

What are the two types of exocrine glands?

A

Sebaceous and sweat glands

30
Q

Sebaceous glands secrete ____ onto skin and hair shaft

A

sebum

31
Q

Sebaceous glands found in skin are called ____ ____

A

Sebaceous follicles

32
Q

Sebaceous glands found in the hair shafr are called ____ ____ ____

A

typical sebaceous glands

33
Q

The function of sebum is:

A

Lubricate and provide antibacterial protection to skin

34
Q

The two types of sweat glands are:

A

Apocrine and merocrine sweat glands

35
Q

The two types of apocrine sweat glands are:

A

Ceruminous (earwax producing) and mammary glands

36
Q

Apocrine sweat glands secrete ____ secretions

A

thick

37
Q

Apocrine sweat glands are found in:

A

Armpits, groin, nipples, and outer ears

38
Q

Ceruminous glands secrete ____ ____ into the ear canal

A

waxy cerumen

39
Q

Mammary glands are responsible for:

A

Milk production

40
Q

Merocrine sweat glands can be found:

A

All over the body

41
Q

Merocrine sweat glands secrete ____ secretions

A

thin

42
Q

The general functions of merocrine sweat glands are:

A

Thermoregulation & excretion

43
Q

The general function of nails are:

A

Protect tips of digits, especially under mechanical stress

44
Q

Nails grow from:

A

Root through nail body to free edge

45
Q

Three changes in nail appearances are:

A
  • Pallor
  • Cyanosis
  • Clubbing
46
Q

Describe polycythemia

A

Excessive amount of red blood cells which cause the blood to thicken

47
Q

Blood vessels dilating will cause the skin to:

A

Redden and release heat

48
Q

Blood vessels constricting will cause the skin to:

A

Pale and conserve heat (can lead to shock, anemia)

49
Q

Name four skin disorders discussed in class:

A

Jaundice, pituitary tumor, Addison’s disease, and vitiligo

50
Q

Describe Jaundice

A

Caused by excess bile produced by liver which causes skin and whites of eyes to turn yellow

51
Q

Describe pituitary tumors

A

Caused by excess MSH which increases production of melanin

52
Q

Describe Addison’s disease

A

Pituitary gland releases excess ACTH

53
Q

Describe Vitiligo

A

Loss of melanocytes which cause loss of color in skin

NURS 106 (22 decks)

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