Axial Musculature Flashcards
What is a broad aponeurosis in some muscles?
A wide layer of tendons.
What is adduction?
Movement toward the midline of the body
Describe abduction
Movement away from the midline
Describe inversion
Foot turning inward
Describe eversion
Foot turning outward
What is the function of the biceps brachii?
Flexes elbow and supinates forearm.
What region of the body does ancon refer to?
Elbow
What region of the body does the auricular refer to?
Ear
What region of the body does the brachial refer to?
Arm
What region of the body does the capitis refer to?
Head
What region of the body does the cervicis refer to?
Neck
What region of the body does the hallux refer to?
Big toe
What is the ilium?
Hip bone
What region of the body does the inguinal refer to?
Groin
What region of the body does the nasalis refer to?
nose
What region of the body does the nuchal refer to?
Back of neck
What region of the body does the palpebra refer to?
Eyelid
What region of the body does the popiteal refer to?
Back of knee
Psoas
loin or lumbar
Radial
forearm
Intrinsic
within the structure
Rectus
straight
Transverse
in a crosswise direction
Pectinate
comblike
Piriformis
pear-shaped
Platysma
flat plate
Rhomboid
parallelogram
Serratus
saw-shaped, toothed on the edge
Teres
long and round
Splenius
bandage
Alba
white
Brevis
short
Gracillis
slender
Latae
wide
Vastus
great
What is the mastoid process and where is it found on the body?
round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear
Pollux
thumb
Zygomaticus
smiling muscle
7 Extraocular Muscles of Eye
levator paperbrae superioris, superior medial, inferior and lateral rectus, inferior and superior oblique
A cerebrovascular accident is also known as a:
stroke.
What is facial palsy (Bell’s palsy) and what is it caused by?
Half the face droops, caused by CN VII facial nerve.
What is Adbucens Nerve Palsy and what is it caused by?
Eye paralysis caused by lateral rectus (CN VI facial nerve).
What are synergistic muscles?
Muscles that work together to perform a common function.
What is a prime-mover muscle?
Muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement
What are antagonistic muscles and what is an example of a pair?
Muscles that oppose each others’ actions (ex: biceps & triceps).
The masseter is a muscle of ___________ that is synergistic with the __________.
mastication, temporalis.
The temporalis is a muscle of ___________ that is synergistic with the ________.
mastication, massetor.
What is the function of the masseter & temporalis?
Elevates mandible & closes jaw.
What is the function of the orbicularis oculi?
Closing the eye.
What is the origin & insertion for the external intercostals?
Origin: inferior border of superior rib.
Insertion: superior border of inferior rib.
What do the internal intercostals do?
Depress ribs during FORCED exhalation.
What do the external intercostals do?
Elevate ribs during inspiration.
What are the functions of the sternocleidomastoid?
Used in forceful inspiration to elevate sternum
What is the transversus abdominis, where is it and what is its function?
The deepest abdominal muscle; inferior to the external and internal oblique; compresses abdomen.
What is the function of the diaphragm and what 3 structures pass through it?
Contraction increases vertical diameter of the thoracic cavity for inspiration; vena cava, aorta and esophagus passing through.
Why is expiration considered passive?
Only involves elastic recoil of the lung tissue and thoracic wall – there’s no muscles actively contracting.
What are the accessory muscles involved in forced respiration?
Sternocleidomastoid and pectoralis minor.
What is the function of pectoralis minor in forced respiration?
Elevates ribs 3-5.
What are the functions of the abdominal muscles?
Move ribs inferiorly, compresses viscera and moves diaphragm superiorly
What are the borders of the perineum?
Anterior: symphysis pubis.
Posterior: coccyx.
Lateral: ischial tuberosities.
The urogenital triangles includes the:
external genitals.
What are the superficial muscles of the urogenital triangle?
Bulbospongiosus, inschiocanernus and perineal muscles.
What are the deep muscles of the urogenital triangle?
External urethra and sphincter
What are the muscles of quiet inhalation?
Diaphragm, external intercostals & scalenes.
What are the muscles of the anal triangle?
Coccygeus, levator ani, iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, external anal sphincter.
What is the function of the orbicularis oris?
Closing the mouth.
What is the function of the buccinator?
Suction & moving food across the teeth.
What is the origin & insertion of the internal intercostals?
Origin: superior border of the inferior rib.
Insertion: inferior border of the superior rib.
What is the function of the scalenes?
Raising the sternum & clavicle.
The pelvic floor is divided into _ triangles and is separated by the:
2; superficial transverse perineal muscle.
What are the 2 triangles of the pelvic floor called and where are they located relative to each other?
Urogenital triangle (anterior) & anal triangle (posterior).
What are the muscles of forced exhalation?
Internal intercostals & abdominal muscles.
What are the 3 main functions of the pelvic floor and its associated muscles?
- Support organs of the pelvic cavity.
- Flex joints of the sacrum & coccyx.
- Control movement of materials through urethra & anus.
