The Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
What is the pectoral girdle composed of?
The clavicle and scapula
What are the 3 parts of the pelvic girdle?
The ilium, ischium, pubis
What is the clavicle?
AKA collar bone, it is an S-shaped bone with 2 curves.
What is the scapula?
AKA shoulder blade that has 2 surfaces (anterior/posterior).
The medial border of the scapula is also known as the ________ border that faces the ________.
vertebral, vertebrae.
The lateral border of the scapula is also known as the ________ border that faces the ______.
axillary, armpit.
Where is the superior border of the scapula located?
The top edge of the scapula.
What is the acromion process in the scapula?
A continuation of the spine that articulates with the clavicle.
What does the scapular spine do?
Divides posterior aspect of scapula into supraspinatus fossa (above) and infraspinatus fossa (below)
What is the glenoid cavity?
Socket in scapula that forms shoulder joint with the head of the humerous.
What is the coracoid process?
Process above the glenoid cavity that permits muscle attachment (specifically bicep).
What is the humerus?
Upper arm bone
What are the notable proximal structures in the humerus (7)?
Head Greater tubercle Intertubular sulcus Lesser tubercle Anatomical neck Deltoid tuberosity Surgical neck.
Where does the humerus articulate with the axial skeleton?
Glenoid cavity of scapula
What is the intertubercular sulcus?
Shallow groove between the greater & lesser tubercles.
What is the capitulum?
Where the humerus articulates with the head of the radius.
What does the trochlea articulate with?
Trochlear notch of ulna
What is the coronoid fossa?
Where the trochlea of the ulna sits when forearm is flexed.
What is the radial fossa?
Where the head of the radius sits when forearm is flexed.
Which parts of the radius & ulna articulate with the carpal bones?
Radial styloid process & ulnar styloid process.
The ulna’s head is located by the _____.
Wrist (carpals).
What are the notable distal structures of the humerus (7)?
Capitulum (condyle) Trochlea (condyle) Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Coronoid fossa Olecranon fossa Radial fossa
What is the olecranon fossa?
On the posterior side of the humerus, articulates with the olecranon process of the ulna, where ulna rests when extended.
What is the interrosseous membrane?
Joins the shafts of the radius and ulna.
What is the proximal radioulnar joint?
Where the head of radius articulates with radial notch of ulna
What is the distal radioulnar joint?
Where the head of ulna articulates with ulnar notch of radius
What are the metacarpal bones?
5 bones of the palm of the hand, articulating with the distal carpal bones.
What are the phalanges?
Bones of the fingers and toes
Describe the femur.
longest and strongest bone in the body that articulating with the acetabulum
What are the notable distal structures of the femur?
Medial & lateral epicondyle.
Medial & lateral condyles that articulate with the tibia.
Patellar surface located anteriorly between condyles.
What is the intertrochanteric line?
Region formed anteriorly between the greater and lesser trochanters of the femur.
What is the fibula?
Lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg.
What is the tibia?
Medial and larger bone of the lower leg.
What is the ilium?
Large broad bone forming the upper part of each half of the pelvis.
What is the ischium?
Curved bone forming the base of each half of the pelvis.
What is the acetabelum?
Deep socket in the hip bone that articulates with the head of the femur
What is the ischial tuberosity?
Receives the weight of the body when sitting & attaches to the glute muscles.
What is the oburator foramen?
Gap in the middle of the pelvis that carries muscle, blood vessels and nerves.
What is the true pelvis?
Inferior to pelvic brim. AKA lesser pelvis.
What is the false pelvis?
Superior to pelvic brim. AKA upper pelvis.
What is the pelvic brim and its clinical application?
Edge of pelvic inlet, where a baby’s head would be engaged during a natural birth
The clavicle extends from the _______ to the _______, above the _____ rib.
sternum, scapula, 1st rib.
The _____ end of the clavicle connects with the sternum via the _______ _________.
medial, sternal extremity.
The _______ end of the clavicle connects with the ________ _______ of the scapula via the ________ _________.
lateral, acromial process, acromial extremity.
What are the important visible features of the anterior surface of the scapula?
Subscapular fossa that is filled with muscle. Coracoid process. Medial (vertebral) border. Lateral (axillary) border. Superior border. Inferior, superior & lateral angle.
What are the important features of the posterior surface of the scapula?
Scapular spine that ends as the acromion process.
Glenoid cavity.
Coracoid process.
The coronoid fossa is ______ to the radial fossa in anatomical position.
medial.
The capitulum is _______ to the trochlea and is more _______ in shape.
lateral, rounded.
In anatomical position, the ______ is more lateral and the _____ is more medial.
radius, ulna.
Does the fibula articulate with the femur/knee joint?
No.
What is the pubic symphysis and why is it clinically important?
Piece of anterior cartilage that joins the 2 hip bones. It can stretch, making the pubic outlet larger for things like birth.
What are the 2 spines on the iliac crest called?
Anterior superior iliac crest (ASIS) & posterior superior iliac crest (PSIS).
What is the iliopectineal line?
Border between greater & lesser pelvis.
What are the boundaries of the pelvic outlet?
Top of coccyx (posterior).
Inferior border of the pubic symphysis (anterior).
2 ischial tuberosities (lateral).
What are the boundaries of the pelvic inlet?
The ileopectineal line & the superior border of the pubic symphysis
