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NURS 106 > The Appendicular Skeleton > Flashcards

The Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pectoral girdle composed of?

A

The clavicle and scapula

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2
Q

What are the 3 parts of the pelvic girdle?

A

The ilium, ischium, pubis

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3
Q

What is the clavicle?

A

AKA collar bone, it is an S-shaped bone with 2 curves.

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4
Q

What is the scapula?

A

AKA shoulder blade that has 2 surfaces (anterior/posterior).

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5
Q

The medial border of the scapula is also known as the ________ border that faces the ________.

A

vertebral, vertebrae.

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6
Q

The lateral border of the scapula is also known as the ________ border that faces the ______.

A

axillary, armpit.

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7
Q

Where is the superior border of the scapula located?

A

The top edge of the scapula.

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8
Q

What is the acromion process in the scapula?

A

A continuation of the spine that articulates with the clavicle.

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9
Q

What does the scapular spine do?

A

Divides posterior aspect of scapula into supraspinatus fossa (above) and infraspinatus fossa (below)

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10
Q

What is the glenoid cavity?

A

Socket in scapula that forms shoulder joint with the head of the humerous.

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11
Q

What is the coracoid process?

A

Process above the glenoid cavity that permits muscle attachment (specifically bicep).

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12
Q

What is the humerus?

A

Upper arm bone

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13
Q

What are the notable proximal structures in the humerus (7)?

A 
Head
Greater tubercle
Intertubular sulcus
Lesser tubercle
Anatomical neck
Deltoid tuberosity
Surgical neck.
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14
Q

Where does the humerus articulate with the axial skeleton?

A

Glenoid cavity of scapula

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15
Q

What is the intertubercular sulcus?

A

Shallow groove between the greater & lesser tubercles.

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16
Q

What is the capitulum?

A

Where the humerus articulates with the head of the radius.

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17
Q

What does the trochlea articulate with?

A

Trochlear notch of ulna

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18
Q

What is the coronoid fossa?

A

Where the trochlea of the ulna sits when forearm is flexed.

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19
Q

What is the radial fossa?

A

Where the head of the radius sits when forearm is flexed.

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20
Q

Which parts of the radius & ulna articulate with the carpal bones?

A

Radial styloid process & ulnar styloid process.

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21
Q

The ulna’s head is located by the _____.

A

Wrist (carpals).

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22
Q

What are the notable distal structures of the humerus (7)?

A 
Capitulum (condyle)
Trochlea (condyle)
Lateral epicondyle
Medial epicondyle
Coronoid fossa
Olecranon fossa
Radial fossa
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23
Q

What is the olecranon fossa?

A

On the posterior side of the humerus, articulates with the olecranon process of the ulna, where ulna rests when extended.

24
Q

What is the interrosseous membrane?

A

Joins the shafts of the radius and ulna.

25
Q

What is the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Where the head of radius articulates with radial notch of ulna

26
Q

What is the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Where the head of ulna articulates with ulnar notch of radius

27
Q

What are the metacarpal bones?

A

5 bones of the palm of the hand, articulating with the distal carpal bones.

28
Q

What are the phalanges?

A

Bones of the fingers and toes

29
Q

Describe the femur.

A

longest and strongest bone in the body that articulating with the acetabulum

30
Q

What are the notable distal structures of the femur?

A

Medial & lateral epicondyle.
Medial & lateral condyles that articulate with the tibia.
Patellar surface located anteriorly between condyles.

31
Q

What is the intertrochanteric line?

A

Region formed anteriorly between the greater and lesser trochanters of the femur.

32
Q

What is the fibula?

A

Lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg.

33
Q

What is the tibia?

A

Medial and larger bone of the lower leg.

34
Q

What is the ilium?

A

Large broad bone forming the upper part of each half of the pelvis.

35
Q

What is the ischium?

A

Curved bone forming the base of each half of the pelvis.

36
Q

What is the acetabelum?

A

Deep socket in the hip bone that articulates with the head of the femur

37
Q

What is the ischial tuberosity?

A

Receives the weight of the body when sitting & attaches to the glute muscles.

38
Q

What is the oburator foramen?

A

Gap in the middle of the pelvis that carries muscle, blood vessels and nerves.

39
Q

What is the true pelvis?

A

Inferior to pelvic brim. AKA lesser pelvis.

40
Q

What is the false pelvis?

A

Superior to pelvic brim. AKA upper pelvis.

41
Q

What is the pelvic brim and its clinical application?

A

Edge of pelvic inlet, where a baby’s head would be engaged during a natural birth

42
Q

The clavicle extends from the _______ to the _______, above the _____ rib.

A

sternum, scapula, 1st rib.

43
Q

The _____ end of the clavicle connects with the sternum via the _______ _________.

A

medial, sternal extremity.

44
Q

The _______ end of the clavicle connects with the ________ _______ of the scapula via the ________ _________.

A

lateral, acromial process, acromial extremity.

45
Q

What are the important visible features of the anterior surface of the scapula?

A 
Subscapular fossa that is filled with muscle.
Coracoid process.
Medial (vertebral) border.
Lateral (axillary) border.
Superior border.
Inferior, superior & lateral angle.
46
Q

What are the important features of the posterior surface of the scapula?

A

Scapular spine that ends as the acromion process.
Glenoid cavity.
Coracoid process.

47
Q

The coronoid fossa is ______ to the radial fossa in anatomical position.

A

medial.

48
Q

The capitulum is _______ to the trochlea and is more _______ in shape.

A

lateral, rounded.

49
Q

In anatomical position, the ______ is more lateral and the _____ is more medial.

A

radius, ulna.

50
Q

Does the fibula articulate with the femur/knee joint?

A

No.

51
Q

What is the pubic symphysis and why is it clinically important?

A

Piece of anterior cartilage that joins the 2 hip bones. It can stretch, making the pubic outlet larger for things like birth.

52
Q

What are the 2 spines on the iliac crest called?

A

Anterior superior iliac crest (ASIS) & posterior superior iliac crest (PSIS).

53
Q

What is the iliopectineal line?

A

Border between greater & lesser pelvis.

54
Q

What are the boundaries of the pelvic outlet?

A

Top of coccyx (posterior).
Inferior border of the pubic symphysis (anterior).
2 ischial tuberosities (lateral).

55
Q

What are the boundaries of the pelvic inlet?

A

The ileopectineal line & the superior border of the pubic symphysis

NURS 106 (22 decks)

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