Intro to Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

Anatomy is the study of:

Answer 1

Internal & external body structures and their physical relationships with other body parts

Question 2

Physiology is the study of:

Answer 2

How living organisms perform their vital functions

Question 3

The 6 levels of organization in the human body are from simplest to most complex are:

Answer 3

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 4

Atoms are the______ unit of ______

Answer 4

smallest, matter

Question 5

Cells are the smallest _____ unit

Answer 5

living

Question 6

A tissue is a group of ______ working together to perform a ______ ______

Answer 6

cells, specific function

Question 7

An organ is a group of ______ working together to perform a ______ ______

Answer 7

tissues, specific function

Question 8

The 12 principle systems of the human body are:

Answer 8

Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, male reproductive, female reproductive

Question 9

The major organs of the integumentary system are:

Answer 9

Skin, hair, sweat glands, nails

Question 10

The major organs of the skeletal system are:

Answer 10

Bones, cartilages, associated ligaments, bone marrow

Question 11

The major organs of the muscular system are:

Answer 11

Skeletal muscles and associated tendons

Question 12

The major organs of the nervous system are:

Answer 12

Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sense organs

Question 13

The major organs of the endocrine system are:

Answer 13

Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, gonads, endocrine tissues in other systems

Question 14

The major organs of the cardiovascular system are:

Answer 14

Heart, blood, blood vessels

Question 15

The major organs of the lymphatic system are:

Answer 15

Spleen, thymus, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils

Question 16

The major organs of the respiratory system are:

Answer 16

Nasal cavities, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, aveoli

Question 17

The major organs of the digestive system are:

Answer 17

Teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Question 18

The major organs of the urinary system are:

Answer 18

Kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 19

The major organs of the male reproductive system are:

Answer 19

Testes, epididymis, ductus deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis, scrotum

Question 20

The major organs of the female reproductive system are:

Answer 20

Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, labia, clitoris, mammary glands

Question 21

Describe the anatomical position.

Answer 21

Standing upright, facing the observer, hands at the sides, palm facing forward, and feet area together

Question 22

Superior means

Answer 22

Towards the head

Question 23

Inferior means

Answer 23

Away from the head

Question 24

What is feedforward?

Answer 24

When the body anticipates change

Question 25

Anterior (ventral) means

Answer 25

Front of the body

Question 26

Posterior (dorsal) means

Answer 26

Back of the body

Question 27

Medial means

Answer 27

Closer to the midline

Question 28

Lateral means

Answer 28

Farther from the midline

Question 29

Proximal means

Answer 29

Closer to the point of attachment of limb to body

Question 30

Distal means

Answer 30

Farther from the point of attachment of limb to body

Question 31

Flexion is movement in the ______ plane that ______ the angle between the bones

Answer 31

sagittal, decreases

Question 32

Extension is movement in the ______ plane that ______ the angle between the bones

Answer 32

sagittal, increases

Question 33

Abduction is movement _____ from the midline

Answer 33

away

Question 34

Adduction is movement ______ the midline

Answer 34

toward

Question 35

What does the effector do in a feedback system?

Answer 35

Responds to the commands of the control centre

Question 36

Negative feedback loops try to ________ change by ________ the initial stimulus and _______ values in the normal range

Answer 36

Minimize, negating, keeping

Question 37

Describe the 2 mechanisms of homeostasis

Answer 37

1. Autoregulation (intrinsic) regulation: adjustment in response to stimuli WITHOUT neural/endocrine control 2. Extrinsic regulation: adjustment to changes by activity of nervous/endocrine systems

Question 38

Explain what homeostasis is

Answer 38

The ability of a cell or organism to regulate its internal conditions, typically through feedback systems

Question 39

Explain what homeostatic regulation is

Answer 39

Adjustment of physiological systems to preserve homeostasis

Question 40

What does the control centre do in a feedback system?

Answer 40

Receives & processes information from receptor and sends out commands

Question 41

What does a sensor/receptor do in a feedback system?

Answer 41

Monitor a controlled physiological condition & detect stimuli or change

Question 42

What are the components of a feedback system?

Answer 42

Sensor/receptor Control centre Effector

Question 43

The cranial cavity contains these organs:

Answer 43

Brain, meninges of brain, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

Question 44

The spinal cavity contains these organs:

Answer 44

Spine and spinal cord

Question 45

The thoracic cavity contains these organs:

Answer 45

Lungs and heart

Question 46

The pelvic cavity contains these organs:

Answer 46

Bladder, anus, reproductive system

Question 47

The abdominal cavity contains these organs:

Answer 47

Kidneys, ureters, stomach, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Question 48

The abdominopelvic cavity includes the ______ cavity and the ______ cavity

Answer 48

abdominal, pelvic

Question 49

The ventral body cavity includes the ______ cavity and the ______ cavity

Answer 49

thoracic, abdominopelvic

Question 50

The dorsal body cavity includes the ______ cavity and the ______ cavity

Answer 50

cranial, spinal

Question 51

Positive feedback loops __________ the initiating stimulus and _______ the its effect.

Answer 51

reinforce, amplify