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NURS 106 > Peripheral & Autonomic System > Flashcards

Peripheral & Autonomic System Flashcards

1
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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2
Q

What is the name of CN I?

A

Olfactory nerve

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3
Q

What is the function of CN I?

A

Sensory: smell

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4
Q

What is the name of CN II?

A

Optic nerve

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5
Q

What is the function of CN II?

A

Sensory: vision

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6
Q

What is the name of CN III?

A

Oculomotor nerve

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7
Q

What is the function of CN III?

A

Motor: Control of extra-ocular eye muscles

Superior, inferior + medial rectus, inferior oblique, levator palpebrae superioris

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8
Q

What is the name of CN IV?

A

Trochlear nerve

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9
Q

What is the function of CN IV?

A

Motor: Control of extra-ocular eye muscles

Superior oblique

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10
Q

What is the name of CN V?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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11
Q

What is the function of CN V?

A 
Sensory:
- Ophthalmic (forehead, eyelid, nose)
- Maxillary (lower eyelid, upper lip + cheek)
Motor:
- Mandibular (motor mastication)
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12
Q

What is the name of CN VI?

A

Abducens nerve

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13
Q

What is the function of CN VI?

A

Motor: Controls eye movements

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14
Q

What is the name of CN VII?

A

Facial nerve

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15
Q

What is the function of CN VII?

A

Sensory: Face + taste
Motor: Controls facial muscles

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16
Q

What is the name of CN VIII?

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

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17
Q

What is the function of CN VIII?

A

Sensory: balance & hearing

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18
Q

What is the name of CN IX?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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19
Q

What is the function of CN IX?

A

Sensory: Tongue pain
Motor: Swallowing

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20
Q

What is the name of CN X?

A

Vagus nerve

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21
Q

What is the function of CN X?

A

Sensory: information from organs
Motor: sends information to the organs

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22
Q

What is the name of CN XI?

A

Accessory nerve

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23
Q

What is the function of CN XI?

A

Motor: Controls the sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, palate, pharynx + larynx muscles

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24
Q

What is the name of CN XII?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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25
Q

What is the function of hypoglossal nerve?

A

Motor: controls tongue movement

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26
Q

Which CNs only have sensory function?

A

1, 2 & 8

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27
Q

Which CNs only have motor function?

A

3, 4, 6, 11 & 12

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28
Q

Which CNs have both sensory and motor functions?

A

5, 7, 9 & 10

29
Q

What are the 3 components of the brain stem from most superior to inferior?

A
  • Mid brain (mesencephalon)
  • Pons
  • Medulla oblongata
30
Q

What CNs are in the mid brain?

31
Q

What CNs are in the pons?

32
Q

What CNs are in the medulla oblongata?

33
Q

The sensory pathway carries info from ____ & ____ of body to ____

A

skin, muscles, CNS

34
Q

The somatic motor pathway carries info from ____ ____ & ____ to ____ ____.

A

basal nuclei, cerebellum, cerebral cortex

35
Q

What are the 3 major somatic sensory pathways?

A
  • Spinothalamic
  • Posterior column
  • Spinocerebellar
36
Q

Which 4 types of stimuli do all general sensory receptors have?

A
  • Nociceptors (pain)
  • Thermoreceptors (temp.)
  • Mechanoreceptors (physical distortion)
  • Chemoreceptors (chemical concentration)
37
Q

Which 3 types of sensory receptors?

A
  • Exteroceptors (info about external environment)
  • Proprioceptors (skeletal muscles + joints)
  • Interceptors (visceral organs + functions)
38
Q

What are the 2 principal motor tracts?

A
  • Corticospinal tract

- Subconscious tract

39
Q

Which pathway is ascending? Descending?

A

Sensory pathway: ascending

Somatic motor pathway: descending

40
Q

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

A

Involuntary regulation of body systems (temp. respiratory, digestive, etc.)

41
Q

What 2 motor neurons connect CNS to organs?

A
  • Preganglionic

- Postganglionic

42
Q

Where is the cell body of a preganglionic neuron?

A

In the brain or spinal cord

43
Q

Where is the cell body of a postganglionic neuron?

A

Outside CNS in an autonomic ganglion

44
Q

Describe the axon of a preganglionic neuron

A

Myelinated type B fiber (extends into autonomic ganglion)

45
Q

Describe the axon of a postganglionic neuron

A

Unmyelinated type C fiber (ends in a visceral effector)

46
Q

Where is the origin site of preganglionic cell bodies of the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS)?

A

Craniosacral: Cranial & sacral areas of CNS

47
Q

Where is the origin site of preganglionic cell bodies of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)?

A

Thoracolumbar: thoracic + lumbar (L1-L2) of spinal cord

48
Q

Describe the length of preganglionic and postganglionic fibers in the PSNS

A

Preganglionic: Long
Postganglionic: Short

49
Q

Describe the length of preganglionic and postganglionic fibers in the SNS

A

Preganglionic: Short
Postganglionic: Long

50
Q

What chemicals do the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons release in the PSNS?

A

Preganglionic: Ach
Postganglionic: Ach

51
Q

What chemicals do the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons release in the SNS?

A

Preganglionic: Ach
Postganglionic: Norepinephrine (NE)

52
Q

What are the 2 types of ganglia in the SNS?

A
  • Sympathetic chain ganglia

- Collateral ganglia

53
Q

What are the 3 components in collateral ganglia?

A
  • Celiac ganglion
  • Superior mesenteric ganglion
  • Inferior mesenteric ganglion
54
Q

How do the preganglionic fibers in the PSNS leave the brain?

A

CN II, CN VII, CN IX, CN X

55
Q

What do cholinergic neurons release?

56
Q

Nicotinic receptors are on the cell bodies of all ____ neurons

A

postganglionic

57
Q

Muscarinic receptors are in ____

58
Q

Are nicotinic receptors excitatory or inhibitory?

A

Excitatory

59
Q

Muscarinic receptors are found on:

A

All parasympathetic postganglionic neurons & sympathetic postganglionic neurons that innervate sweat glands

60
Q

Adrenergic neurons release:

A

Norepinephrine (NE)

61
Q

All ____ postganglionic neurons are adrenergic neurons

A

sympathetic

62
Q

What are the 2 types of adrenergic neurons?

A

Alpha + beta

63
Q

Is alpha 1 activation excitatory or inhibitory?

A

Excitatory

64
Q

Is alpha 2 activation excitatory or inhibitory?

A

Inhibitory

65
Q

Is beta 1 activation excitatory or inhibitory?

A

Excitatory

66
Q

Is beta 2 activation excitatory or inhibitory?

A

Inhibitory

67
Q

What are the exceptions to dual innervation?

A

Most arterioles + veins (sympathetic) and most sweat gland (sympathetic)

68
Q

All visceral reflexes are ___synaptic

69
Q

Describe the 5 steps of the autonomic reflex arc

A
  1. Receptor
  2. Sensory neuron (afferent)
  3. Integrating center (hypothalamus)
  4. Motor neuron (efferent)
  5. Effector (smooth, cardiac, gland)

NURS 106 (22 decks)

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